An anti-photocorrosive photoanode based on a CdS/Ni x S y @NF heterostructure for visible-light-driven water splitting

Abstract Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting holds promise for both sustainable energy generation and energy storage. CdS, a sulphide semiconductor possessing a narrow band gap (2.4 eV) and high photocatalytic activity, has been widely used to build photoanodes for PEC water splitting; however, it also suffers from photocorrosion under irradiation. An innovative method is presented here to significantly improve the stability of CdS photoanodes by constructing a p - n junction comprising CdS/Ni x S y on nickel foam (NF) via a one-pot hydrothermal method. The n-type CdS is surrounded by p-type Ni x S y serving as a fast and effective hole receiver of excess holes from CdS. More importantly, the CdS/Ni x S y shows significantly improved PEC stability compared to the pure CdS electrode, with ≈70% of the initial photocurrent retained after 2000 s of irradiation (>420 nm). This work provides a new insight into the fabrication of other p - n junction self-assembled photoanodes to simultaneously enhance charge separation and transport for efficient and stable solar fuel production.