journal article·2025-03-19Open access

Ferrocene Interlayer for a Stable and Gap-Free P3HT-Based Perovskite Solar Cell as a Low-Cost Power Source for Indoor IoTs

Chaowaphat Seriwattanachai, Somboon Sahasithiwat, Thana Chotchuangchutchaval, Ladda Srathongsian, Worawat Wattanathana, Zhijun Ning, Napan Phuphathanaphong, Patawee Sakata, Ko Ko Shin Thant, Thunrada Sukwiboon, Anuchytt Inna, Thanawat Kanlayapattamapong, Anusit Kaewprajak, Pisist Kumnorkaew, Ratchadaporn Supruangnet, Thipusa Wongpinij, Hideki Nakajima, Duangmanee Wongratanaphisan, Pasit Pakawatpanurut, Pipat Ruankham, Pongsakorn Kanjanaboos

ACS Photonics· Volume 12· Issue 3

Abstract

High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Although poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) with its stability-boosting hydrophobic surface is a promising low-cost alternative dopant-free hole transport material for n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the P3HT-based PSCs suffer from surface energy mismatch between hydrophilic perovskite and hydrophobic P3HT, which results in interlayer gap, poor electronic contact, and poor charge extraction. In this study, low-cost ferrocene (Fc) acts as an interlayer at the perovskite/P3HT interface, inducing the replacement of the hydrophobic edge-on stacking of alkyl side chains with the hydrophilic π–π stacking of thiophene rings within the P3HT structure to mitigate such an energy mismatch. With an optimal amount of Fc, an average PCE of 23.6% has been achieved under indoor light at 1000 lux in comparison to 20.6% of P3HT-based PSCs without Fc. In addition, an unencapsulated device with the interlayer can retain 80% of initial PCE (T80) over 12 months in the dark with 70% RH, longer than T80 of 8 months without Fc. Finally, a Bluetooth sensor module is powered by three Fc-passivated P3HT-based PSCs connected in series to demonstrate the capacity of replacing batteries used for the Internet of Things (IoTs).
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Perovskite Materials and Applications · Conducting polymers and applications · Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

School of Materials Science and Innovation, Faculty of Science

Mahidol University

National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 114 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand

Center of Sustainable Energy and Engineering Materials (SEEM), College of Industrial Technology

King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok

Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand

School of Physical Science and Technology

ShanghaiTech University

Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science

Chiang Mai University

National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 114 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand

Synchrotron Light Research Institute, 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand

Department of Chemistry and Center of Sustainable Energy and Green Materials, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand

Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Ministry of Higher Education, Science

Research and Innovation

Funding

NSRF via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources & Institutional Development, Research and Innovation · National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) and Mahidol University

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