Basic understanding of perovskite solar cells and passivation mechanism

Although perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made great achievements during the past few years, the efficiency of PSCs is only up to 25.5%, which is comparable to silicon-based solar cells. However, long-term stability is still an important problem for future commercialization. Enormous efforts have been made to prolong the lifetime of PSCs. The novel passivation strategy and advanced encapsulation are investigated, and great achievements are acquired. However, research on the basic understanding of the perovskite structure and the fabrication process of PSCs is rare, which stints the initial research for the abecedarian. At the same time, the defects among the perovskite film caused by the uncontrollable crystallization process and the fragile ionic nature also deteriorate the efficiency and stability of the perovskite devices. Herein, we summarized the investigations of the mechanism for perovskite materials and the manufacturing process of PSCs. The composition of perovskite materials, the orientation of perovskite grain, and various fabrication processes are explained. Simultaneously, the novel passivation strategy and technology are also discussed. We believe that a deeper understanding of the perovskite mechanism is beneficial to render more facilities for further development of perovskite application.