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journal article·2026-02Open access

Analog Signal Summation for Reinforcement Learning via Simultaneous Light–Voltage Modulation in a Synaptic Device

Dong Gue Roe, Sungjoon Cheon, Seongil Im, Sinil Choi, Meeree Kim, Subeen Kim, Youngjae Yoo, Jeong Won Kim, Hyunsu Ju, Sohee Jeong, Jeong Ho Cho

Advanced Science· Volume 13· Issue 10
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Abstract

Abstract Major breakthroughs in artificial intelligence software have led to significant transformations across various aspects of life. However, hardware development has lagged behind, primarily due to the inherent constraints of the von Neumann architecture. Although neuromorphic devices that utilize biomimetic parallel and analog computations have emerged, they still face limitations in reducing computational load. Therefore, this study proposes a light‐voltage dual‐modulating synaptic transistor that can significantly lower computational load through device‐level computing. This is realized using a hybrid structure of indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide and InAs quantum dots, which enable two distinct memory effects ‒ one induced by light and the other by voltage ‒ within a single device. These dual‐modulation capabilities are leveraged to demonstrate traffic signal optimization using a Dueling Deep Q‐Network, achieving computation performance comparable to ideal software conditions. These findings highlight the potential of the fabricated device for realizing computing systems that require high energy efficiency and computational density.
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Research context

Electronic materialsComposites

OpenAlex topics: Advanced Memory and Neural Computing · Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing · Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea

Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA

Post‐Silicon Semiconductor Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea

GIST InnoCORE AI‐Nano Convergence Institute for Early Detection of Neurodegenerative Diseases Gwanjgu Institute of Science and Technology Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea

Department of Energy Science (DOES) Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea

Center for Artificial Atoms Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) Suwon Gyeonggi‐do 16419 South Korea

Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) Daejeon 34113 South Korea

University of Science and Technology (UST) Daejeon 34113 South Korea

Department of Advanced Materials Engineering Chung‐Ang University Anseong‐si 17546 Republic of Korea

Department of Energy Science (DOES) Center for Artificial Atoms Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea

SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST) Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea

Funding

National Research Foundation of Korea

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