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journal article·2025-08Open access

Tailored Crystallization Dynamics for Efficient and Stable DMSO‐Free Tin Perovskite Solar Cells

Shengnan Zuo, Alexander Tarasov, Lennart Frohloff, Karunanantharajah Prashanthan, Florian Ruske, Mailis Lounasvuori, Chiara Frasca, André Dallmann, Fengshuo Zu, Florian Mathies, Florian Scheler, Noor Titan Putri Hartono, Guixiang Li, Jinzhao Li, Maxim Simmonds, Wenhui Li, Norbert Koch, Steve Albrecht, Meng Li, Eva Unger, Mahmoud Hussein Aldanmasy, Artem Musiienko, Antonio Abate

Advanced Science· Volume 12· Issue 29
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Abstract

Abstract Tin perovskite solar cells are emerging as a sustainable lead‐free alternative in thin film photovoltaics. DMSO‐free processed tin perovskites are gaining interest due to the detrimental effects of DMSO on tin oxidation. However, replacing DMSO with other solvents remains challenging due to the accelerated crystallization dynamics in non‐DMSO systems. In this study, the crystallization process in a DMSO‐free solvent system is regulated by managing the transition from the sol‐gel phase to the solid film. Specifically, piperazine dihydriodide (PDAI) and 4‐ tert ‐butylpyridine (tBP) are utilized to coordinately tune the colloidal chemistry through forming large pre‐nucleation clusters in perovskite ink, further, facilitating the film formation process. By combining tBP and PDAI, a controllable crystallization rate is achieved as evidenced by in situ photoluminescence (PL) measurement during spin‐coating. As a result, tin perovskite films show high crystallinity and improved microstructure. Devices treated with tBP+PDAI exhibit a champion power conversion efficiency of 7.8% and excellent stability without observable degradation for over 3000 h stored in the N 2 glovebox. These findings advance understanding and managing crystallization in DMSO‐free solvents processed tin perovskite solar cells.
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Research context

Electronic materials

OpenAlex topics: Perovskite Materials and Applications · Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films · Conducting polymers and applications

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Department Active Materials and Interfaces for Stable Perovskite Solar Cells (SE‐AMIP) Kekuléstraße 5 12489 Berlin Germany

Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Department Solution Processing of Hybrid Materials & Devices (SE‐ALM) Kekuléstraße 5 12489 Berlin Germany

Humboldt University of Berlin Department of Physics Brook‐Taylor‐Straße 6–BT6 12489 Berlin Germany

Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Department Spins in Energy Conversion and Quantum Information Science (SE‐ASPIN) Hahn‐Meitner‐Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany

Department of Physics University of Jaffna 40000 Jaffna Sri Lanka

Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Young Investigator Group Nanoscale Solid‐Liquid Interfaces Hahn‐Meitner Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany

Humboldt University of Berlin Institude of Chemistry Brook‐Taylor‐Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany

Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Department Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells (SE‐APET) Kekuléstraße 5 12489 Berlin Germany

Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ‐CERCA) Avda. Països Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona Spain

Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education Henan University 475004 Kaifeng P. R. China

Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Young Investigator Group Robotized Material and Photovoltaic Engineering Kekuléstraße 5 12489 Berlin Germany

Funding

China Scholarship Council · Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst

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