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journal article·2024-01Open access

3D and Multimodal X‐Ray Microscopy Reveals the Impact of Voids in CIGS Solar Cells

Giovanni Fevola, Christina Ossig, Mariana Verezhak, Jan Garrevoet, Harvey L. Guthrey, Martin Seyrich, Dennis Brückner, Johannes Hagemann, Frank Seiboth, Andreas Schropp, Gerald Falkenberg, Peter S. Jørgensen, Azat Slyamov, Zoltan I. Balogh, Christian Strelow, Tobias Kipp, Alf Mews, Christian G. Schroer, Shiro Nishiwaki, Romain Carron, Jens W. Andreasen, Michael E. Stuckelberger

Advanced Science· Volume 11· Issue 2
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Abstract

Abstract Small voids in the absorber layer of thin‐film solar cells are generally suspected to impair photovoltaic performance. They have been studied on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 cells with conventional laboratory techniques, albeit limited to surface characterization and often affected by sample‐preparation artifacts. Here, synchrotron imaging is performed on a fully operational as‐deposited solar cell containing a few tens of voids. By measuring operando current and X‐ray excited optical luminescence, the local electrical and optical performance in the proximity of the voids are estimated, and via ptychographic tomography, the depth in the absorber of the voids is quantified. Besides, the complex network of material‐deficit structures between the absorber and the top electrode is highlighted. Despite certain local impairments, the massive presence of voids in the absorber suggests they only have a limited detrimental impact on performance.
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Research context

Electronic materials

OpenAlex topics: Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films · Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies · Advanced Semiconductor Detectors and Materials

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Center for X‐ray and Nano Science CXNS Deutsches Elektronen‐Synchrotron DESY Notkestr. 85 22607 Hamburg Germany

Fachbereich Physik Universität Hamburg Luruper Chaussee 149 22761 Hamburg Germany

Paul Scherrer Institute PSI Forschungsstrasse 111 Villigen 5232 Switzerland

Deutsches Elektronen‐Synchrotron DESY Notkestr. 85 22607 Hamburg Germany

National Renewable Energy Laboratory 16253 Denver West Parkway Golden CO 80401 USA

Helmholtz Imaging Deutsches Elektronen‐Synchrotron DESY Notkestr. 85 22607 Hamburg Germany

Department of Energy Conversion and Storage Technical University of Denmark DTU Fysikvej 310 Kongens Lyngby 2800 Denmark

DTU Nanolab Technical University of Denmark DTU Ørsteds Plads 347 Kongens Lyngby 2800 Denmark

Institut für Physikalische Chemie Universität Hamburg Grindelallee 117 20146 Hamburg Germany

Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics Empa Ueberlandstrasse 129 Dübendorf 8600 Switzerland

Funding

Bundesamt für Energie · Horizon 2020

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