Single-spin CCD
Source abstract
Abstract
Spin-based electronics or spintronics relies on the ability to store, transport and manipulate electron spin polarization with great precision. In its ultimate limit, information is stored in the spin state of a single electron, at which point quantum information processing also becomes a possibility. Here, we demonstrate the manipulation, transport and readout of individual electron spins in a linear array of three semiconductor quantum dots. First, we demonstrate single-shot readout of three spins with fidelities of 97% on average, using an approach analogous to the operation of a charge-coupled device (CCD). Next, we perform site-selective control of the three spins, thereby writing the content of each pixel of this 'single-spin charge-coupled device'. Finally, we show that shuttling an electron back and forth in the array hundreds of times, covering a cumulative distance of 80 μm, has negligible influence on its spin projection. Extrapolating these results to the case of much larger arrays points at a diverse range of potential applications, from quantum information to imaging and sensing.
Source: europepmc · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Quantum and electron transport phenomena · Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications · Quantum Information and Cryptography
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (38)
Show source-provided references
1. Prinz, G. A. Spin-polarized transport. Phys. Today 48, 58–63 (1995).10.1063/1.881459 ↗
2. Wolf, S. A. et al. Spintronics: a spin-based electronics vision for the future. Science 294, 1488–1495 (2001).10.1126/science.1065389 ↗
3. Žutić, I., Fabian, J. & Sarma, S. D. Spintronics: fundamentals and applications. Rev. Mod. Phys. 76, 323–410 (2004).10.1103/RevModPhys.76.323 ↗
4. Spintronics insight. Nature Mater. 11, 367–416 (2012).10.1038/nmat3327 ↗
5. Hanson, R. & Awschalom, D. D. Coherent manipulation of single spins in semiconductors. Nature 453, 1043–1049 (2008).10.1038/nature07129 ↗
6. Taylor, J. M. et al. Fault-tolerant architecture for quantum computation using electrically controlled semiconductor spins. Nature Phys. 1, 177–183 (2005).10.1038/nphys174 ↗
7. Boyle, W. S. & Smith, G. E. Charge coupled semiconductor devices. Bell Syst. Tech. J. 49, 587–593 (1970).10.1002/j.1538-7305.1970.tb01790.x ↗
8. Kikkawa, J. & Awschalom, D. Lateral drag of spin coherence in gallium arsenide. Nature 397, 139–141 (1999).10.1038/16420 ↗
9. Crooker, S. A. et al. Imaging spin transport in lateral ferromagnet/semiconductor structures. Science 309, 2191–2195 (2005).10.1126/science.1116865 ↗
10. Grabert, H. & Devoret, M. H. (eds) Single Charge Tunneling Vol. 294 (NATO ASI Series, Springer, 1992).10.1007/978-1-4757-2166-9 ↗
11. Ono, Y., Fujiwara, A., Nishiguchi, K., Inokawa, H. & Takahashi, Y. Manipulation and detection of single electrons for future information processing. J. Appl. Phys. 97, 031101 (2005).10.1063/1.1843271 ↗
12. McNeil, R. P. G. et al. On-demand single-electron transfer between distant quantum dots. Nature 477, 439–442 (2011).10.1038/nature10444 ↗
13. Hermelin, S. et al. Electrons surfing on a sound wave as a platform for quantum optics with flying electrons. Nature 477, 435–438 (2011).10.1038/nature10416 ↗
14. Howell, S. B. Handbook of CCD Astronomy (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2006).10.1017/CBO9780511807909 ↗
15. Barthelemy, P. & Vandersypen, L. M. K. Quantum dot systems: a versatile platform for quantum simulations. Ann. Phys. (Leipz.) 525, 808–826 (2013).10.1002/andp.201300124 ↗
16. Vrijen, R. & Yablonovitch, E. A spin-coherent semiconductor photo-detector for quantum communication. Physica E 10, 569–575 (2001).10.1016/S1386-9477(00)00296-4 ↗
17. Fujita, T. et al. Nondestructive real-time measurement of charge and spin dynamics of photoelectrons in a double quantum dot. Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 266803 (2013).10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.266803 ↗
18. Barthel, C. et al. Fast sensing of double-dot charge arrangement and spin state with a radio-frequency sensor quantum dot. Phys. Rev. B 81, 3–6 (2010).10.1103/PhysRevB.81.161308 ↗
19. Elzerman, J. M. et al. Single-shot read-out of an individual electron spin in a quantum dot. Nature 430, 431–435 (2004).10.1038/nature02693 ↗
20. Shafiei, M., Nowack, K., Reichl, C., Wegscheider, W. & Vandersypen, L. Resolving spin–orbit- and hyperfine-mediated electric dipole spin resonance in a quantum dot. Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 107601 (2013).10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.107601 ↗
21. Danon, J. & Nazarov, Y. V. Pauli spin blockade in the presence of strong spin–orbit coupling. Phys. Rev. B 80, 041301 (2009).10.1103/PhysRevB.80.041301 ↗
22. Schreiber, L. et al. Coupling artificial molecular spin states by photon-assisted tunnelling. Nature Commun. 2, 556 (2011).10.1038/ncomms1561 ↗
23. Golovach, V. N., Khaetskii, A. & Loss, D. Phonon-induced decay of the electron spin in quantum dots. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 016601 (2004).10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.016601 ↗
24. Scarlino, P. et al. Spin-relaxation anisotropy in a GaAs quantum dot. Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 256802 (2014).10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.256802 ↗
25. Hanson, R. et al. Spins in few-electron quantum dots. Rev. Mod. Phys. 79, 1217–1265 (2007).10.1103/RevModPhys.79.1217 ↗
26. Colless, J. I. et al. Dispersive readout of a few-electron double quantum dot with fast RF gate sensors. Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 046805 (2013).10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.046805 ↗
27. Ono, K., Austing, D. G., Tokura, Y. & Tarucha, S. Current rectification by Pauli exclusion in a weakly coupled double quantum dot system. Science 297, 1313–1317 (2002).10.1126/science.1070958 ↗
28. Nowack, K. C., Koppens, F. H., Nazarov, Y. V. & Vandersypen, L. M. K. Coherent control of a single electron spin with electric fields. Science 318, 1430–1433 (2007).10.1126/science.1148092 ↗
29. Shulman, M. D. et al. Demonstration of entanglement of electrostatically coupled singlet–triplet qubits. Science 336, 202–205 (2012).10.1126/science.1217692 ↗
30. Srinivasa, V., Nowack, K. C., Shafiei, M., Vandersypen, L. M. K. & Taylor, J. M. Simultaneous spin-charge relaxation in double quantum dots. Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 196803 (2013).10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.196803 ↗
31. Yang, C. H. et al. Spin–valley lifetimes in a silicon quantum dot with tunable valley splitting. Nature Commun. 4, 2069 (2013).10.1038/ncomms3069 ↗
32. Simmons, C. B. et al. Tunable spin loading and T1 of a silicon spin qubit measured by single-shot readout. Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 156804 (2011).10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.156804 ↗
33. Veldhorst, M. et al. An addressable quantum dot qubit with fault-tolerant control fidelity. Nature Nanotech. 9, 981–985 (2014).10.1038/nnano.2014.216 ↗
34. Kielpinski, D., Monroe, C. & Wineland, D. J. Architecture for a large-scale ion-trap quantum computer. Nature 417, 709–711 (2002).10.1038/nature00784 ↗
35. Yang, C. H. et al. Charge state hysteresis in semiconductor quantum dots. Appl. Phys. Lett. 105, 183505 (2014).10.1063/1.4901218 ↗
36. Shafiei, M. Electrical Control, Read-out and Initialization of Single Electron Spins PhD thesis, Delft Univ. of Technology (2013).
37. Long, A. R. et al. The origin of switching noise in GaAs/AlGaAs lateral gated devices. Physica E 34, 553–556 (2006).10.1016/j.physe.2006.03.118 ↗
38. Oosterkamp, T. H. et al. Microwave spectroscopy of a quantum-dot molecule. Nature 395, 873–876 (1998).10.1038/27617 ↗