Construction of a Highly Anisotropic Supramolecular Assembly Assisted by a Dimensional Confinement Space: Toward Perovskite Solar Cells

Solution-processed polycrystalline perovskites (PVKs) have aroused tremendous interest in the optoelectronic device field. However, the inherent high-density defects in the polycrystalline hindered achieving efficient and stable large-area PVK solar cells (PSCs). Although organic molecules are already employed to passivate PVK defects, they are insulating by nature, limiting the carrier transport. Here, we design an assembly of a small molecule (N,N′-di(propanoic acid)-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diamide, PDI) via confinement-assisted supramolecular polymerization technology, which is used as a binder for grain boundaries to simultaneously passivate defects and promote carrier transport. The synergistic effect allows the efficiency of all-air processed carbon-based PSCs to reach a decent power conversion efficiency of 14.17%. Importantly, the as-prepared supramolecular assembly completely breaks through the insulating nature of the single molecule, which exists in the long-term defect passivation of PSCs by organic molecules. It is expected that this finding may provide novel design ideas to apply the assemblies to improve the performance of PSCs.