journal article·2025-09-03

Defect Suppression in Triple-Cation Perovskites via Zwitterionic Choline Bitartrate for Scalable High-Efficiency Photovoltaics

Peng Gao, YongGang Guo, Linfeng Ye, Penghui Yang, Dayong Qiao

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces· Volume 17· Issue 35
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Abstract

To overcome the instability and scalability challenges of perovskite solar cells, we engineer zwitterionic choline bitartrate as a dual-functional additive. Its tartrate anions passivate undercoordinated Pb 2+ defects through multidentate coordination, while choline cations suppress halide vacancy migration. This synergistic mechanism enables CsFAMA-based devices to achieve 24.92% efficiency (0.05 cm 2 ) with exceptional scalability of 24.12% (1 cm 2 ) and 21.37% (36 cm 2 modules), while suppressing PbI 2 impurities, enlarging grains, and retaining >95% of the initial power conversion efficiency after 600 h at 85 °C, establishing a new paradigm for stable, high-performance perovskite photovoltaics.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Perovskite Materials and Applications · Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties · Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Electro-Mechanical Systems of Shaanxi Province, School of Mechanical Engineering

Northwestern Polytechnical University

Qinghai Huanghe Hydropower Development Co., Ltd., Xi’an Solar Power Branch

Utmolight Company Limited, Building 3, No. 77 Tongyunnan Road, Xishan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214000, China

Funding

National Key Research and Development Program of China · Jiangsu Province Carbon Peak Carbon Neutrality Science and Technology Innovation Special Fund

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