journal article·2026-03-11Open access

Food-Based Electronics: Revisiting β-Carotene Organic Transistors

Alberto D. Scaccabarozzi, Elena Feltri, Pierluigi Mondelli, Pietro Rossi, Francesca Pallini, Antonella Treglia, Annamaria Petrozza, Luca Beverina, Giuseppe Mattioli, Jaime Martin, Alessandro Luzio, Mario Caironi

Abstract

Edible electronics offer a unique platform for developing devices made entirely from food-based materials that can be safely digested or excreted without environmental concerns. Yet, identifying semiconductors that are both food-based and capable of supporting efficient charge transport remains a challenge. In this work, we show that this hurdle can be overcome by applying structure-property insights developed in organic electronics to natural compounds, revealing how a material previously discarded for electronic applications and largely present in vegetables, β-carotene, can be tuned into a viable semiconductor. Beyond its implications for edible electronics, this approach also highlights the broader potential of renewable, nature-derived materials as building blocks for sustainable technologies.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials · Conducting polymers and applications · Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Rubattino, 81, Milano 20134, Italy

Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, Milano 20133, Italy

Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi, 55, Milano 20126, Italy

Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM), Strada Provinciale, 35d/9, Montelibretti 00010, Italy

Universidade da Coruña

Campus Industrial de Ferrol, CITENI

Funding

European Research Council · Ministero dell'Universit? e della Ricerca · NextGenerationEU · H2020 European Research Council

References (61)

Show source-provided references
1. 10.1002/admt.20200075710.1002/admt.202000757 ↗
2. 10.1038/s41578-024-00688-910.1038/s41578-024-00688-9 ↗
3. 10.1039/D3NR01051A10.1039/D3NR01051A ↗
4. 10.1002/adfm.20211341710.1002/adfm.202113417 ↗
5. 10.1002/adsr.20230015010.1002/adsr.202300150 ↗
6. 10.1002/adma.20210318310.1002/adma.202103183 ↗
7. 10.1016/j.nanoen.2023.10816810.1016/j.nanoen.2023.108168 ↗
8. 10.1002/adma.20221140010.1002/adma.202211400 ↗
9. 10.1002/admt.20240071510.1002/admt.202400715 ↗
10. 10.1021/acssensors.2c0128010.1021/acssensors.2c01280 ↗
11. 10.1002/adsr.20230009210.1002/adsr.202300092 ↗
12. 10.1002/advs.20241614110.1002/advs.202416141 ↗
13. 10.1002/advs.20240465810.1002/advs.202404658 ↗
14. 10.1002/adfm.20250645210.1002/adfm.202506452 ↗
15. 10.1016/j.synthmet.2004.06.01410.1016/j.synthmet.2004.06.014 ↗
16. 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.07.04710.1016/j.foodres.2015.07.047 ↗
17. 10.1007/978-3-319-39126-7_410.1007/978-3-319-39126-7_4 ↗
18. 10.1093/jnci/91.4.31710.1093/jnci/91.4.317 ↗
19. 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.15367610.1016/j.phymed.2021.153676 ↗
20. 10.1016/j.phrs.2007.01.01210.1016/j.phrs.2007.01.012 ↗
21. 10.1016/j.bbadis.2004.12.00910.1016/j.bbadis.2004.12.009 ↗
22. 10.1038/s41563-023-01579-010.1038/s41563-023-01579-0 ↗
23. 10.1002/ejoc.20200014010.1002/ejoc.202000140 ↗
24. 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.10181210.1016/j.fbio.2022.101812 ↗
25. 10.1016/B978-0-12-817067-0.00005-110.1016/B978-0-12-817067-0.00005-1 ↗
26. 10.3390/encyclopedia104009310.3390/encyclopedia1040093 ↗
27. 10.1016/j.orgel.2010.09.00710.1016/j.orgel.2010.09.007 ↗
28. 10.1039/D1MA01070K10.1039/D1MA01070K ↗
29. 10.1002/adfm.20100103110.1002/adfm.201001031 ↗
30. 10.1038/s41578-023-00541-510.1038/s41578-023-00541-5 ↗
31. 10.1021/ac00159a01510.1021/ac00159a015 ↗
32. 10.1021/jf00015a01310.1021/jf00015a013 ↗
33. 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.05.07110.1016/j.foodchem.2008.05.071 ↗
34. 10.1021/ja806853v10.1021/ja806853v ↗
35. 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.12.09610.1016/j.molliq.2017.12.096 ↗
36. 10.1002/jrs.71510.1002/jrs.715 ↗
37. 10.1021/jacs.5b0113010.1021/jacs.5b01130 ↗
38. 10.1002/adfm.20210378410.1002/adfm.202103784 ↗
39. 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b0311010.1021/acs.jpclett.7b03110 ↗
40. 10.1038/s41563-020-0647-210.1038/s41563-020-0647-2 ↗
41. 10.1002/advs.20210497710.1002/advs.202104977 ↗
42. 10.1016/0022-0248(73)90145-010.1016/0022-0248(73)90145-0 ↗
43. 10.1002/adma.20160107510.1002/adma.201601075 ↗
44. 10.1038/s41467-021-24761-x10.1038/s41467-021-24761-x ↗
45. 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.267810.2903/j.efsa.2012.2678 ↗
46. 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b0061810.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00618 ↗
47. 10.1038/srep0342510.1038/srep03425 ↗
48. 10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b0088810.1021/acs.chemmater.9b00888 ↗
49. 10.1016/B978-0-12-817067-0.00007-510.1016/B978-0-12-817067-0.00007-5 ↗
50. 10.3390/molecules2505103810.3390/molecules25051038 ↗
51. 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.07.09910.1016/j.foodchem.2017.07.099 ↗
52. 10.3390/molecules2919454910.3390/molecules29194549 ↗
53. Nogales, A.; Gutiérrez, E. Grazing Incidence Wide Angle X Ray Scattering Representation ; MATLAB Central File Exchange, 2019.
54. 10.1107/S002188980800106410.1107/S0021889808001064 ↗
55. 10.1107/S0365110X6400315210.1107/S0365110X64003152 ↗
56. 10.1107/S160057671901409210.1107/S1600576719014092 ↗
57. 10.1107/S002188981300353110.1107/S0021889813003531 ↗
58. 10.1088/1361-648X/aa8f7910.1088/1361-648X/aa8f79 ↗
59. 10.1088/0953-8984/21/39/39550210.1088/0953-8984/21/39/395502 ↗
60. 10.1002/wcms.132710.1002/wcms.1327 ↗
61. 10.1002/wcms.8110.1002/wcms.81 ↗