DataVXACS Applied Materials & InterfacesPaper
journal article·2023-06-14

Mixed Organic Cations Promote Ambient Light-Induced Formation of Metallic Lead in Lead Halide Perovskite Crystals

Aniruddha Ray, Beatriz Martín-García, Mirko Prato, Anna Moliterni, Simone Bordignon, Davide Spirito, Sergio Marras, Luca Goldoni, Karunakara Moorthy Boopathi, Fabrizio Moro, Nicola Pietro Maria Casati, Carlotta Giacobbe, Makhsud I. Saidaminov, Cinzia Giannini, Michele R. Chierotti, Roman Krahne, Liberato Manna, Ahmed L. Abdelhady

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces· Volume 15· Issue 23
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Source abstract

Abstract

One major concern toward the performance and stability of halide perovskite-based optoelectronic devices is the formation of metallic lead that promotes nonradiative recombination of charge carriers. The origin of metallic lead formation is being disputed whether it occurs during the perovskite synthesis or only after light, electron, or X-ray beam irradiation or thermal annealing. Here, we show that the quantity of metallic lead detected in perovskite crystals depends on the concentration and composition of the precursor solution. Through a controlled crystallization process, we grew black-colored mixed dimethylammonium (DMA)/methylammonium (MA) lead tribromide crystals. The black color is suggested to be due to the presence of small lead clusters. Despite the unexpected black coloring, the crystals show higher crystallinity and less defect density with respect to the standard yellow-colored DMA/MAPbBr 3 crystals, as indicated by X-ray rocking curve and dark current measurements, respectively. While the formation of metallic lead could still be induced by external factors, the precursor solution composition and concentration can facilitate the formation of metallic lead during the crystallization process. Our results indicate that additional research is required to fully understand the perovskite precursor solution chemistry.
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Research context

Electronic materialsMaterials processing

OpenAlex topics: Perovskite Materials and Applications · Solid-state spectroscopy and crystallography · Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy

RGS Development B.V., Bijlestaal 54a, Broek op Langedijk, 1721 PW Dijk en Waard, Netherlands

CIC NanoGUNE, Tolosa Hiribidea, 76, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain

IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain

Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy

Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy

IHP─Leibniz-Institut für Innovative Mikroelektronik, Im Technologiepark 25, D-15236 Frankfurt (Oder), Germany

Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, 20125 Milano, Italy

Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation─Condensed Matter, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland

European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue Des Martyrs, 38040 Grenoble, France

Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2 British Columbia, Canada

Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, 127788 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

Advanced Materials Chemistry Center (AMCC), Khalifa University, 127788 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

Funding

Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci?n · Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science

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