journal article·2023-03-08Open access

Direct Measurements of Interfacial Photovoltage and Band Alignment in Perovskite Solar Cells Using Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Sebastian Svanström, Alberto García Fernández, Tamara Sloboda, T. Jesper Jacobsson, Fuguo Zhang, Fredrik O. L. Johansson, Danilo Kühn, Denis Céolin, Jean-Pascal Rueff, Licheng Sun, Kerttu Aitola, Håkan Rensmo, Ute B. Cappel

Abstract

A heterojunction is the key junction for charge extraction in many thin film solar cell technologies. However, the structure and band alignment of the heterojunction in the operating device are often difficult to predict from calculations and, due to the complexity and narrow thickness of the interface, are difficult to measure directly. In this study, we demonstrate a technique for direct measurement of the band alignment and interfacial electric field variations of a fully functional lead halide perovskite solar cell structure under operating conditions using hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES). We describe the design considerations required in both the solar cell devices and the measurement setup and show results for the perovskite, hole transport, and gold layers at the back contact of the solar cell. For the investigated design, the HAXPES measurements suggest that 70% of the photovoltage was generated at this back contact, distributed rather equally between the hole transport material/gold interface and the perovskite/hole transport material interface. In addition, we were also able to reconstruct the band alignment at the back contact at equilibrium in the dark and at open circuit under illumination.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Perovskite Materials and Applications · Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films · Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Condensed Matter Physics of Energy Materials, Division of X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden

Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden

Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 300350 Tianjin, China

Division of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden

Institute for Methods and Instrumentation in Synchrotron Radiation Research FG-ISRR, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany

Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany

Synchrotron SOLEIL, L′Orme des Merisiers, BP 48 St Aubin, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France

Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France

State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, DUT−KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), 116024 Dalian, China

Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels, School of Science, Westlake University, 310024 Hangzhou, China

New Energy Technologies Group, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Box 15100, 00076 AALTO, Finland

Funding

Vetenskapsr?det · Energimyndigheten · G?ran Gustafssons Stiftelser · Carl Tryggers Stiftelse f?r Vetenskaplig Forskning · Horizon 2020 Framework Programme · Stiftelsen f?r Strategisk Forskning

References (50)

Show source-provided references
1. 10.1007/978-94-009-3073-510.1007/978-94-009-3073-5 ↗
2. 10.1063/1.508564310.1063/1.5085643 ↗
3. NREL. Best Research-Cell Efficiency Chart. https://www.nrel.gov/pv/cell-efficiency.html (accessed March 31, 2021).
4. 10.1002/solr.20190025710.1002/solr.201900257 ↗
5. 10.1016/j.solener.2019.02.01710.1016/j.solener.2019.02.017 ↗
6. 10.1016/j.joule.2019.10.00310.1016/j.joule.2019.10.003 ↗
7. 10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.12.16310.1016/j.ijleo.2018.12.163 ↗
8. 10.1016/j.joule.2017.11.01510.1016/j.joule.2017.11.015 ↗
9. 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b0282410.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02824 ↗
10. 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c0102210.1021/acsenergylett.0c01022 ↗
11. 10.1021/acsami.1c0867510.1021/acsami.1c08675 ↗
12. 10.1038/s41467-019-10468-710.1038/s41467-019-10468-7 ↗
13. 10.1002/adma.20150340610.1002/adma.201503406 ↗
14. 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c1051910.1021/acs.jpcc.0c10519 ↗
15. 10.1007/s00339-021-04283-510.1007/s00339-021-04283-5 ↗
16. 10.1021/acsami.7b1278410.1021/acsami.7b12784 ↗
17. 10.1039/D0TA03951A10.1039/D0TA03951A ↗
18. 10.1147/rd.43.028310.1147/rd.43.0283 ↗
19. 10.1038/srep4026710.1038/srep40267 ↗
20. 10.1039/C8TC06332J10.1039/C8TC06332J ↗
21. 10.1116/1.491549910.1116/1.4915499 ↗
22. 10.1002/adfm.20140269210.1002/adfm.201402692 ↗
23. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.24640110.1103/PhysRevLett.127.246401 ↗
24. 10.1002/adfm.20191067910.1002/adfm.201910679 ↗
25. 10.1021/acsami.0c1148410.1021/acsami.0c11484 ↗
26. 10.1007/978-3-319-24043-5_1510.1007/978-3-319-24043-5_15 ↗
27. 10.1016/j.elspec.2013.01.00610.1016/j.elspec.2013.01.006 ↗
28. 10.1002/sia.152610.1002/sia.1526 ↗
29. 10.1039/D1CP01443A10.1039/D1CP01443A ↗
30. 10.1107/S002188988708709010.1107/S0021889887087090 ↗
31. 10.1016/j.elspec.2013.07.00610.1016/j.elspec.2013.07.006 ↗
32. 10.1103/PhysRevB.5.470910.1103/PhysRevB.5.4709 ↗
33. H Shofield J. · 1973
34. 10.1080/08940886.2018.148364810.1080/08940886.2018.1483648 ↗
35. 10.1021/jacs.9b0842410.1021/jacs.9b08424 ↗
36. 10.1088/0508-3443/8/3/30710.1088/0508-3443/8/3/307 ↗
37. 10.1016/0040-6090(68)90039-410.1016/0040-6090(68)90039-4 ↗
38. 10.1016/0040-6090(74)90254-510.1016/0040-6090(74)90254-5 ↗
39. 10.1063/1.508381210.1063/1.5083812 ↗
40. 10.1039/D1EE02095A10.1039/D1EE02095A ↗
41. 10.1039/C4SC03141E10.1039/C4SC03141E ↗
42. 10.1039/C8TA05795H10.1039/C8TA05795H ↗
43. 10.1039/C7NR00784A10.1039/C7NR00784A ↗
44. 10.1021/acsami.5b0803810.1021/acsami.5b08038 ↗
45. 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b0894810.1021/acs.jpcc.7b08948 ↗
46. 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b0094610.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00946 ↗
47. 10.1063/1.497447110.1063/1.4974471 ↗
48. 10.1002/aenm.20200212910.1002/aenm.202002129 ↗
49. 10.1016/0092-640X(85)90016-610.1016/0092-640X(85)90016-6 ↗
50. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.44.162010.1103/PhysRevLett.44.1620 ↗