Design of a SnO₂/Zeolite Gas Sensor to Enhance Formaldehyde Sensing Properties: From the Strategy of the Band Gap-Tunable Zeolite

ZSM-5 zeolite is usually used in gas sensors as an auxiliary material to improve the gas-sensitive properties of other semiconductor materials, such as its molecular sieve properties and surface adsorption properties. Here, the gas-sensitive mechanism analysis of SnO 2 /zeolite gas sensors is studied for the first time based on the perspective of zeolite as a band gap-tunable semiconductor that was reported recently. The gas-sensing mechanism of the zeolite/semiconductor has been modeled based on the surface charge theory, and the work function of the ZSM-5 zeolite has been revealed for the first time. A heterostructure of Ag and ZSM-5 was designed and compounded to tune the band gap of the ZSM-5 zeolite by the ammonia pool effect method. The band gap width of the zeolite decreases from 4.51 to 3.61 eV. A series of characterization techniques were used to analyze the distribution and morphology of silver nanoparticles in zeolites and the variation of the ZSM-5 band gap. Then, SnO 2 /Ag@ZSM-5 sensors were fabricated, and the gas-sensing performances were measured. The gas-sensing results show that the SnO 2 /Ag@ZSM-5 sensor has an improved response to formaldehyde in particular compared to the SnO 2 sensor. The response value of the SnO 2 /Ag@ZSM-5 sensor to 70 ppm formaldehyde reached 29.4, which is a 528% improvement compared to the SnO 2 sensor. Additionally, the selectivity was greatly enhanced. This study provides a strategy for designing and developing higher-performance gas sensors.