Surface Passivation of MAPbBr₃ Perovskite Single Crystals to Suppress Ion Migration and Enhance Photoelectronic Performance

Recently, organometal halide perovskites (OHPs) have achieved significant advancement in photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes, X-ray detectors, and transistors. However, commercialization and practical applications were hindered by the notorious ion migration issue of OHPs. Here, we report a simple solvent-based surface passivation strategy with organic halide salts (methylammonium bromide (MABr) and phenylethylammonium bromide (PEABr)) to suppress the ion migration of MAPbBr3 single crystals. The surface passivation effect is evidenced by the stronger photoluminescence (PL) intensity and extended PL lifetime. Using the pulse voltage and continuous voltage current–voltage measurements, we found that single crystals with surface passivation showed negligible hysteresis on the surface due to the suppression of ion migration. As a result, the dark current stability of coplanar structure devices was significantly improved. Moreover, the vertical structure X-ray detectors with PEABr treatment exhibited a high sensitivity of 15 280 μC Gyair–1 cm–2 and a low detection limit of 87 nGyair s–1 under 5 V bias. The proposed technology would be a versatile tool to improve the performance of perovskite photoelectronic devices.