Blade‐Coating with Engineered Evaporation Kinetics Enables Scalable Perovskite Photovoltaics with Minimal Efficiency Loss

Abstract The blade‐coating method has become an important technology that can be expanded to manufacture perovskite solar photovoltaics. However, the inherent conflict between rapid solvent removal and crystallization control in ambient blade‐coating process fundamentally constrains the production throughput and film quality of perovskite solar modules. Here, a ternary solvent system (DMF/NMP/2‐methoxyethanol) with hierarchical volatility gradients is developed, synergistically integrated with vacuum‐flash evaporation to decouple nucleation and crystal growth kinetics. Specifically, 2‐methoxyethanol (2‐ME) enables vacuum flash‐induced supersaturation for templated nucleation, while NMP facilitates strain‐relaxed grain coalescence, and DMF ensures optimal ink rheology. This approach yields pinhole‐free films with enlarged grains under ambient conditions (T = ≈30 ± 5 °C, RH = 30 ± 10%). The blade‐coated n‐i‐p perovskite solar cells (active area: 0.08 cm ² ) achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.24%, and 5 × 5 cm ² mini‐modules (12 cm ² active area) reach 22.12%, with merely 4.8% efficiency loss upon 150 times area upscaling. The devices exhibit improved stability, retaining 90% of their initial PCE after 800 h of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) at 25 °C. The approach establishes a unified solution that addresses crystallization precision, ambient compatibility, and industrial manufacturability in perovskite photovoltaics.