On the evolution of structure and composition in sol-gel-derived lead zirconate titanate thin layers

The evolution of structure and chemical distribution in sol-gel derived Pb(Zr_0.53T_10.47)O₃ thin layers was monitored by x-ray diffraction, analytical electron microscopy, and diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Electron microscopy confirmed the as-deposited coatings were amorphous with short-range order. Medium-range order developed on heat treatment, and chemical heterogeneity was observed at the nanoscale. The extent of compositional heterogeneity decreased with increasing temperature. Above 500 °C, the coatings crystallized into an intermediate phase which converted to the perovskite phase above 600 °C.