DataVXCellulosePaper
journal article·2025-03

Biowaste-derived hybrid adsorbent for efficient Cr (VI) removal

Saksham, Balbir Singh Kaith, Rakesh Kumar, Rohit Mehra, Manpreet Singh Bhatti

Cellulose· Volume 32· Issue 4
Publisher page
Bibliographic record

Abstract

No abstract is available for this record. The assistant can identify its topic from the title, but cannot infer the study’s results.

Source: Not provided · Quality: missing

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal · Chromium effects and bioremediation

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (87)

Show source-provided references
1. Abodif AM, Abodif AM, Meng L et al (2020) Mechanisms and models of adsorption: TiO2-Supported biochar for removal of 3,4-dimethylaniline. ACS Omega. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c0061910.1021/acsomega.0c00619 ↗
2. Aly Z, Luca V (2013) Uranium extraction from aqueous solution using dried and pyrolyzed tea and coffee wastes. J Radioanal Nucl Chem. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-012-1851-610.1007/s10967-012-1851-6 ↗
3. Balali-Mood M, Naseri K, Tahergorabi Z, et al (2021) Toxic mechanisms of five heavy metals: mercury, lead, chromium, cadmium, and arsenic. Front. Pharmacol.10.3389/fphar.2021.643972 ↗
4. Bano S, Negi YS (2017) Studies on cellulose nanocrystals isolated from groundnut shells. Carbohydr Polym. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.10.06910.1016/j.carbpol.2016.10.069 ↗
5. Bayuo J (2021) An extensive review on chromium (vi) removal using natural and agricultural wastes materials as alternative biosorbents. J Environ Heal Sci Eng10.1007/s40201-021-00641-w ↗
6. Benassi L, Alessandri I, Vassalini I (2021) Assessing green methods for pectin extraction from waste orange peels. Molecules. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules2606176610.3390/molecules26061766 ↗
7. Benhalima T, Allali FZ, Roumane N, Ferfera-Harrar H (2023a) Enhanced adsorptive removal of hazardous methyl violet 2B and methyl orange dyes by Algerian diatomite-loaded polysaccharide-based hydrogel beads. J Mol Liq. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2023.12215010.1016/j.molliq.2023.122150 ↗
8. Benhalima T, Chicha W, Ferfera-Harrar H (2023b) Sponge-like biodegradable polypyrrole-modified biopolymers for selective adsorption of basic red 46 and crystal violet dyes from single and binary component systems. Int J Biol Macromol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.12753210.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127532 ↗
9. Benhalima T, Ferfera-Harrar H, Saha N, Saha P (2023c) Fe3O4 imbuing carboxymethyl cellulose/dextran sulfate nanocomposite hydrogel beads: an effective adsorbent for methylene blue dye pollutant. J Macromol Sci Part A Pure Appl Chem. https://doi.org/10.1080/10601325.2023.221273110.1080/10601325.2023.2212731 ↗
10. Benhalima T, Ferfera-Harrar H, Doufene N, Sadi A (2024a) Silver decorated zeolite embedded in bionanocomposite hydrogels based on cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose for excellent catalytic hydrogenation of azo dyes. Int J Biol Macromol 279:135556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.13555610.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135556 ↗
11. Benhalima T, Mokhtari M, Ferfera-Harrar H (2024b) Synergistic adsorption/photodegradation effect for effective removal of crystal violet dye and acetamiprid pesticide using Fe3+ cross-linked ternary carboxymethyl cellulose/polyaniline/TiO2 photocomposites. J Water Process Eng. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.10467010.1016/j.jwpe.2023.104670 ↗
12. Benhalima T, Sadi A, Dairi N, Ferfera-Harrar H (2024c) Multifunctional carboxymethyl cellulose-dextran sulfate/AgNPs@zeolite hydrogel beads for basic red 46 and methylene blue dyes removal and water disinfection control. Sep Purif Technol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2024.12700110.1016/j.seppur.2024.127001 ↗
13. Benjelloun M, Miyah Y, Akdemir Evrendilek G, et al (2021) Recent Advances in Adsorption Kinetic Models: Their Application to Dye Types. Arab. J. Chem.10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103031 ↗
14. Bilgiç A, Çimen A (2019) Removal of chromium(vi) from polluted wastewater by chemical modification of silica gel with 4-acetyl-3-hydroxyaniline. RSC Adv. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ra05810a10.1039/c9ra05810a ↗
15. Cruz-Lopes LP, Macena M, Esteves B, Guiné RPF (2021) Ideal pH for the adsorption of metal ions Cr6+, Ni2+, Pb2+in aqueous solution with different adsorbent materials. Open Agric. https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2021-022510.1515/opag-2021-0225 ↗
16. Dan S, Banivaheb S, Hashemipour H, Kalantari M (2021) Synthesis, characterization and absorption study of chitosan-g-poly(acrylamide-co-itaconic acid) hydrogel. Polym Bull. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-020-03190-810.1007/s00289-020-03190-8 ↗
17. Doyo AN, Kumar R, Barakat MA (2023) Recent advances in cellulose, chitosan, and alginate based biopolymeric composites for adsorption of heavy metals from wastewater. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng10.1016/j.jtice.2023.105095 ↗
18. Efimova NV, Krasnopyorova AP, Yuhno GD, Scheglovskaya AA (2017) Sorption of heavy metals by natural biopolymers. Adsorpt Sci Technol. https://doi.org/10.1177/026361741770311310.1177/0263617417703113 ↗
19. Eletta OAA, Mustapha SI, Ajayi OA, Ahmed AT (2018) Optimization of dye removal from textile wastewater using activated carbon from sawdust. Niger J Technol Dev. https://doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v15i1.510.4314/njtd.v15i1.5 ↗
20. Elmi F, Chenarian Nakhaei R, Alinezhad H (2018) Conversion of fisheries waste as magnetic hydroxyapatite bionanocomposite for the removal of heavy metals from groundwater. Water Supply. https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2017.21110.2166/ws.2017.211 ↗
21. Ezeonuegbu BA, Machido DA, Whong CMZ et al (2021) Agricultural waste of sugarcane bagasse as efficient adsorbent for lead and nickel removal from untreated wastewater: Biosorption, equilibrium isotherms, kinetics and desorption studies. Biotechnol Reports. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.btre.2021.e0061410.1016/j.btre.2021.e00614 ↗
22. Ferfera-Harrar H, Benhalima T, Lerari D (2020) Sustainable hydrogel nanocomposites based on grafted chitosan and clay for effective adsorption of cationic dye. Int J Mater Metall Eng
23. Geng H (2018) A one-step approach to make cellulose-based hydrogels of various transparency and swelling degrees. Carbohydr Polym. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.01.03110.1016/j.carbpol.2018.01.031 ↗
24. Gong W, Zheng K, Zhang C et al (2022) Simultaneous and efficient removal of heavy metal ions and organophosphorus by amino-functionalized cellulose from complex aqueous media. J Clean Prod. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.13304010.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133040 ↗
25. González Moreno A, Guzman-Puyol S, Domínguez E et al (2021) Pectin-cellulose nanocrystal biocomposites: Tuning of physical properties and biodegradability. Int J Biol Macromol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.12610.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.126 ↗
26. Guo Q (1997) Increases of lead and chromium in drinking water from using cement-mortar-lined pipes: Initial modeling and assessment. J Hazard Mater. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(97)00052-610.1016/S0304-3894(97)00052-6 ↗
27. Hu X, Feng L, Wei W et al (2014) Synthesis and characterization of a novel semi-IPN hydrogel based on Salecan and poly(N, N-dimethylacrylamide-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate). Carbohydr Polym. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.01.05110.1016/j.carbpol.2014.01.051 ↗
28. Jabli M, Sebeia N, Bchetnia A (2023) Synthesis and characterization of pectin-manganese oxide and pectin-tin oxide nanocomposites: application to the degradation of calmagite in water. J Polym Environ. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-023-02888-w10.1007/s10924-023-02888-w ↗
29. James BR, Bartlett RJ (1984) Plant-soil interactions of chromium. J Environ Qual. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1984.00472425001300010012x10.2134/jeq1984.00472425001300010012x ↗
30. Jamwal HS, Kumari S, Chauhan GS et al (2016) New silica-titania based polymeric hybrid materials for the removal of Cu(II) ions from their aqueous solutions. J Environ Chem Eng. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2016.04.03110.1016/j.jece.2016.04.031 ↗
31. Jin X, Yu C, Li Y et al (2011) Preparation of novel nano-adsorbent based on organic-inorganic hybrid and their adsorption for heavy metals and organic pollutants presented in water environment. J Hazard Mater. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.12.05710.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.12.057 ↗
32. Johar N, Ahmad I, Dufresne A (2012) Extraction, preparation and characterization of cellulose fibres and nanocrystals from rice husk. Ind Crops Prod 37:93–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.12.01610.1016/j.indcrop.2011.12.016 ↗
33. Kabir A, Dunlop MJ, Acharya B et al (2018) Water recycling efficacies of extremely hygroscopic, antifouling hydrogels. RSC Adv. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8RA07915C10.1039/C8RA07915C ↗
34. Kaith BS, Sharma R, Kalia S, Bhatti MS (2014) Response surface methodology and optimized synthesis of guar gum-based hydrogels with enhanced swelling capacity. RSC Adv. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ra05300a10.1039/c4ra05300a ↗
35. Karić N, Maia AS, Teodorović A et al (2022) Bio-waste valorisation: agricultural wastes as biosorbents for removal of (in)organic pollutants in wastewater treatment. Chem Eng J Adv. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceja.2021.10023910.1016/j.ceja.2021.100239 ↗
36. Karthika JS, Vishalakshi B (2013) Synthesis, swelling behaviour, salt- and pH- sensitivity of crosslinked gellan gum-graft-poly ( acrylamide-co-itaconic acid). Hydrogels 5:185
37. Kaur S, Jindal R, Kaur Bhatia J (2018) Synthesis and RSM-CCD optimization of microwave-induced green interpenetrating network hydrogel adsorbent based on gum copal for selective removal of malachite green from waste water. Polym Eng Sci. https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.2485110.1002/pen.24851 ↗
38. Khorasani AC, Shojaosadati SA (2016) Bacterial nanocellulose-pectin bionanocomposites as prebiotics against drying and gastrointestinal condition. Int J Biol Macromol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.11.04110.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.11.041 ↗
39. Liu S (2015) Cooperative adsorption on solid surfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2015.03.01310.1016/j.jcis.2015.03.013 ↗
40. Lucia LA (2008) Lignocellulosic biomass: A potential feedstock to replace petroleum. BioResources10.15376/biores.3.4.981-982 ↗
41. Madeła M, Skuza M (2021) Towards a circular economy: Analysis of the use of biowaste as biosorbent for the removal of heavy metals. Energies. https://doi.org/10.3390/en1417542710.3390/en14175427 ↗
42. Mahamadi C, Nharingo T (2010) Utilization of water hyacinth weed (Eichhornia crassipes) for the removal of Pb(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II) from aquatic environments: an adsorption isotherm study. Environ Technol. https://doi.org/10.1080/0959333100364660410.1080/09593331003646604 ↗
43. Mahmood T, Saddique MT, Naeem A et al (2011) Comparison of different methods for the point of zero charge determination of NiO. Ind Eng Chem Res. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie200271d10.1021/ie200271d ↗
44. Milosavljević NB, Milašinović NZ, Popović IG et al (2011) Preparation and characterization of pH-sensitive hydrogels based on chitosan, itaconic acid and methacrylic acid. Polym Int. https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.296710.1002/pi.2967 ↗
45. Mishra RK, Bakar A, Majeed A, Banthia A (2011) Development and characterization of pectin/gelatin hydrogel membranes for wound dressing. Int J Plast Technol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12588-011-9016-y10.1007/s12588-011-9016-y ↗
46. Nehra P, Chauhan RP (2022) Facile synthesis of nanocellulose from wheat straw as an agricultural waste. Iran Polym J (English Ed. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-022-01040-010.1007/s13726-022-01040-0 ↗
47. Ngo TS, Tracey CT, Navrotskaya AG et al (2023) Reusable carbon dot/chitin nanocrystal hybrid sorbent for the selective detection and removal of Cr(VI) and Co(II) ions from wastewater. Carbohydr Polym. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.12047110.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120471 ↗
48. Nguyen TAH, Ngo HH, Guo WS, et al (2013) Applicability of agricultural waste and by-products for adsorptive removal of heavy metals from wastewater. Bioresour. Technol10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.124 ↗
49. Oliveira EA, Montanher SF, Andrade AD et al (2005) Equilibrium studies for the sorption of chromium and nickel from aqueous solutions using raw rice bran. Process Biochem. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2005.02.02610.1016/j.procbio.2005.02.026 ↗
50. Othman MBH, Khan A, Ahmad Z et al (2016) Kinetic investigation and lifetime prediction of Cs-NIPAM-MBA-based thermo-responsive hydrogels. Carbohydr Polym. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.10.03410.1016/j.carbpol.2015.10.034 ↗
51. Pal P, Pandey JP, Sen G (2017) Modified PVP based hydrogel: synthesis, characterization and application in selective abstraction of metal ions from water. Mater Chem Phys. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2017.03.04110.1016/j.matchemphys.2017.03.041 ↗
52. Panda H, Tiadi N, Mohanty M, Mohanty CR (2017) Studies on adsorption behavior of an industrial waste for removal of chromium from aqueous solution. South African J Chem Eng. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajce.2017.05.00210.1016/j.sajce.2017.05.002 ↗
53. Ranote S, Chauhan S, Kumar K, Chauhan GS (2023) A simple protocol to functionalize whole pine needles biowaste for effective and selective methylene blue adsorption. Bioresour Technol Reports. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2023.10141710.1016/j.biteb.2023.101417 ↗
54. Rashid S, Dutta H (2020) Characterization of nanocellulose extracted from short, medium and long grain rice husks. Ind Crops Prod. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.11262710.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112627 ↗
55. Richards S, Dawson J, Stutter M (2019) The potential use of natural vs commercial biosorbent material to remediate stream waters by removing heavy metal contaminants. J Environ Manage. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.01910.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.019 ↗
56. Robati D (2013) Pseudo-second-orders kinetic equations for modeling adsorption systems for removal of lead ions using multi-walled carbon nanotube. J Nanostructure Chem. https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-8865-3-5510.1186/2193-8865-3-55 ↗
57. Saini S, Arora S, Kirandeep et al (2018) Nitrilotriacetic acid modified bamboo charcoal (NTA-MBC): an effective adsorbent for the removal of Cr (III) and Cr (VI) from aqueous solution. J Environ Chem Eng. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2018.04.04510.1016/j.jece.2018.04.045 ↗
58. Saragih SW, Wirjosentono B, Eddiyanto MY (2020) Influence of crosslinking agent on the morphology, chemical, crystallinity and thermal properties of cellulose nanofiber using steam explosion. Case Stud Therm Eng. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2020.10074010.1016/j.csite.2020.100740 ↗
59. Schiewer S, Patil SB (2008) Pectin-rich fruit wastes as biosorbents for heavy metal removal: equilibrium and kinetics. Bioresour Technol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.03.06010.1016/j.biortech.2007.03.060 ↗
60. Sethi S, Thakur S, Sharma D et al (2022) Malic acid cross-linked chitosan based hydrogel for highly effective removal of chromium (VI) ions from aqueous environment. React Funct Polym. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.10531810.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105318 ↗
61. Shabalala AN, Basitere M (2020) Interactive relationship between cementitious materials and acid mine drainage: Their effects on chromium Cr(VI) removal. Minerals. https://doi.org/10.3390/min1011093210.3390/min10110932 ↗
62. Shang MR, Liu YG, Liu SB et al (2016) A novel graphene oxide coated biochar composite: Synthesis, characterization and application for Cr(VI) removal. RSC Adv. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ra07151a10.1039/c6ra07151a ↗
63. Sharma AK, Kaith BS, Gupta B et al (2019a) Microwave assisted in situ synthesis of gum Salai guggal based silver nanocomposites- investigation of anti-bacterial properties. Cellulose. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-018-2140-510.1007/s10570-018-2140-5 ↗
64. Sharma AK, Priya KBS et al (2019b) Response surface methodology directed synthesis of luminescent nanocomposite hydrogel for trapping anionic dyes. J Environ Manage. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.03810.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.038 ↗
65. Sharma AK, Priya KBS et al (2019c) Riboflavin functionalized dextrin-sodium alginate based fluorescent sensor: detoxification of Cu2+and Ni2+ Ions. ACS Appl Polym Mater. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.9b0072410.1021/acsapm.9b00724 ↗
66. Sharma AK, Priya KBS et al (2020) Enzymatic construction of quinine derivative of dextrin/PVA based hybrid gel film for the simultaneous detection and removal of copper and lead ions in real water samples. Chem Eng J. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.12289110.1016/j.cej.2019.122891 ↗
67. Sharma P, Singh SP, Parakh SK, Tong YW (2022) Health hazards of hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) and its microbial reduction. Bioengineered 13(3):4923–4938. https://doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2022.203727310.1080/21655979.2022.2037273 ↗
68. Singh S, Saksham KBS et al (2024) Nanocellulose extracted from wheat straw: facile synthesis, characterization and application as an efficient U(VI) scavenger for groundwater of Bathinda district, SW-Punjab. J Radioanal Nucl Chem. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-023-09314-410.1007/s10967-023-09314-4 ↗
69. Singha AS, Guleria A (2014) Chemical modification of cellulosic biopolymer and its use in removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater. Int J Biol Macromol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.03.04610.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.03.046 ↗
70. Solangi NH, Kumar J, Mazari SA, et al (2021) Development of fruit waste derived bio-adsorbents for wastewater treatment: A review. J Hazard Mater10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125848 ↗
71. Soto D, Urdaneta J, Pernia K et al (2016) Itaconic acid grafted starch hydrogels as metal remover: capacity, selectivity and adsorption kinetics. J Polym Environ. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-016-0780-910.1007/s10924-016-0780-9 ↗
72. Suryan S (2012) Biosorption of heavy metals by paper mill waste from aqueous solution. Int J Environ Sci. https://doi.org/10.6088/ijes.0020203002010.6088/ijes.00202030020 ↗
73. Syeda HI, Muthukumaran S, Baskaran K (2023) Polyglutamic acid and its derivatives as multi-functional biopolymers for the removal of heavy metals from water: a review. J Water Process Eng 56:104367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.10436710.1016/j.jwpe.2023.104367 ↗
74. Tan X, Liu Y, Zeng G et al (2015) Application of biochar for the removal of pollutants from aqueous solutions. Chemosphere 125:70–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.12.05810.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.12.058 ↗
75. Tawabini BS, Atieh MA, Bakather OY et al (2010) Removal of chromium (III) from water by using modified and nonmodified carbon nanotubes. J Nanomater. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/23237810.1155/2010/232378 ↗
76. Thakur SS, Chauhan GS (2014) Gelatin-silica-based hybrid materials as efficient candidates for removal of chromium(Vi) from aqueous solutions. Ind Eng Chem Res. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie401997g10.1021/ie401997g ↗
77. Thakur V, Sharma E, Guleria A, et al (2020) Modification and management of lignocellulosic waste as an ecofriendly biosorbent for the application of heavy metal ions sorption. In: Materials Today: Proceedings10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.756 ↗
78. Thanki A, Thanki A, Singh R, Sohal KS (2021) the application of low-cost natural bio-adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals—A review. In: lecture notes in civil engineering10.1007/978-981-15-9554-7_31 ↗
79. Wang G, Wang S, Sun W et al (2017) Synthesis of a novel illite@carbon nanocomposite adsorbent for removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater. J Environ Sci (China). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2016.10.01710.1016/j.jes.2016.10.017 ↗
80. Wongjunda J, Saueprasea P (2010) Biosorption of chromium (VI) using rice husk ash and modified rice husk ash. Environ Res J. https://doi.org/10.3923/erj.2010.244.25010.3923/erj.2010.244.250 ↗
81. Yardim MF, Budinova T, Ekinci E et al (2003) Removal of mercury (II) from aqueous solution by activated carbon obtained from furfural. Chemosphere. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00267-410.1016/S0045-6535(03)00267-4 ↗
82. Yatim NI, Ariffin MM, Hamzah S (2018) Removal of heavy metals using self-integrating bio-adsorbent from agricultural by-products and marine waste materials. Desalin Water Treat. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2018.2262210.5004/dwt.2018.22622 ↗
83. Younis H, Zhao G, Abdellatif H (2022) Pectin and its applicability in food packaging. In: a glance at food processing applications10.5772/intechopen.101614 ↗
84. Zaimee MZA, Sarjadi MS, Rahman ML (2021) Heavy metals removal from water by efficient adsorbents. Water (Switzerland)10.3390/w13192659 ↗
85. Zakhama S, Dhaouadi H, M’Henni F (2011) Nonlinear modelisation of heavy metal removal from aqueous solution using Ulva lactuca algae. Bioresour Technol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.08.10710.1016/j.biortech.2010.08.107 ↗
86. Zamora-Ledezma C, Negrete-Bolagay D, Figueroa F, et al (2021) Heavy metal water pollution: a fresh look about hazards, novel and conventional remediation methods. Environ Technol Innov10.1016/j.eti.2021.101504 ↗
87. Zhao C, Liu G, Tan Q, et al (2023) Polysaccharide-based biopolymer hydrogels for heavy metal detection and adsorption. J Adv Res10.1016/j.jare.2022.04.005 ↗