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All search filtersAbstract This study aimed to investigate fiber quality in recycled papers produced from liquid packaging board (LPB) using hydropulping combined with pretreatment consisting of perforation and 0.2 bar hydraulic pressure. The pretreatment accelerated flake reduction and improved fiber disintegration while maintaining low energy consumption. Under moderate pulping conditions (18 …
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Abstract This study investigates the functionalization of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) with zirconium (Zr 4+ ) and hafnium (Hf 4+ ) ions to tailor their structural, thermal, and mechanical properties. CNFs were initially activated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and subsequently treated with zirconium oxychloride octahydrate (ZrOCl 2 ·8H 2 O) or hafnium oxychloride oct…
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This study presents a templating strategy using sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), a biodegradable and biocompatible polysaccharide, to synthesize porous SiO2–CaO–P2O5–Na2O bioactive glass via the sol–gel method. CMC was selected because its hydrophilic and film-forming properties facilitate homogeneous gelation, and its complete thermal decomposition during calcination leave…