Studies on compensating valency substituted BaTi(1−x)Mn x/2Nb x/2O3 ceramics

The paper reports investigations of relative permittivity, er, electrical conductivity, σ, saturation polarization, Ps, infrared absorption and structural properties of compensating valency substituted BaTiO3. The compositions investigated are BaTi(1−x)Mnx/2Nbx/2O3 forx = 0.00; 0.025; 0.05; 0.1; 0.2; 0.4. The compositions forx < 0.1 are observed to be ferroelectric and the transition temperature and value of er are observed to decrease as concentration of substitution is increased. The dielectric investigations are carried out on two sets of samples (i) as sintered and (ii) annealed. Annealing is observed to improve quality factor‘Q’ of the materials with a consequent reduction in the er. The observations on er and saturation polarization suggest that additional material engineering efforts are required to improve the material properties.