Dual-modal imaging-guided highly efficient photothermal therapy using heptamethine cyanine-conjugated hyaluronic acid micelles

Targeted phototherapy and multi-modal imaging can effectively improve the therapeutic efficacy and reduce the side effects of theranostics. Herein, we constructed novel biocompatible cyanine dye IR808-conjugated hyaluronic acid nanoparticles (HAIR NPs) for photothermal therapy (PTT) with near-infrared fluorescence (FL) and photoacoustic (PA) dual-modal imaging. The nanoparticles formed stable nanostructures under aqueous conditions with uniform size distribution. The HAIR NPs were rapidly taken up by the human lung cancer cells A549 via CD44 (the hyaluronic acid receptor on the surface of tumor cells) receptor-mediated endocytosis. Upon laser irradiation, the HAIR NPs enabled good near-infrared fluorescence imaging and photoacoustic imaging in tumor-bearing mice. In addition, the tight nanostructure arising from the covalent link between HA and IR808 could significantly improve the light-thermal conversion efficiency of IR808. Under a low dose of laser power, the HAIR NPs presented more effective photothermal therapy for the suppression of tumor growth than free IR808 in vitro and in vivo. Overall, these results indicate that the HAIR NPs may be an extremely promising nanoplatform in cancer theranostics for targeted PTT under FL and PA dual-modal imaging.