Synthesis of nanosized (1 − x)BiScO3 − xPbTiO3 ferroelectric ceramic powders

Nanosized (1 − x)BiScO3 − xPbTiO3 ferroelectric ceramic powders was obtained by the metal citrate sol–gel method. The decomposition process of the polymer was studied by using infrared spectral absorption and X-ray diffraction. Perovskite phase can be obtained at the calcining temperature as low as 450 °C and the average grain sizes of powders were calculated by XRD method. The influence of the grain size by pH value of the solution is explained. The calcining temperature is proved to be the foremost factor to determine the grain size which grew from 12 to 23 nm when calcined at different temperatures. The holding time can also affect the grain size. The sintering temperature can be reduced by 100 °C using nano powders than using traditionally prepared large grain powders.