Enhanced energy storage performance of glass added 0.715Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃-0.065BaTiO₃-0.22SrTiO₃ ferroelectric ceramics

In the present work, lead-free ferroelectric 0.715Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.065BaTiO3-0.22SrTiO3 (BNT-BT-ST) bulk ceramics with 3BaO-3TiO2-B2O3 (BTBO) glass additive were fabricated by conventional solid state reaction route. The effect of glass content on microstructure and energy storage properties of BNT-BT-ST ceramics was investigated. The maximum energy storage of ∼203 kJ/m3 was achieved for BNT-BT-ST ceramic with addition of 4 wt.% glass. The 4 wt.% glass addition improves energy storage density and energy storage efficiency by ∼15% and ∼52% higher than that of the pure BNT-BT-ST, respectively. The effect of temperature on the energy storage was also estimated. It was observed the temperature has similar effect on energy storage improvement in all compositions. The energy storage density (U) dependent scaling behavior on remnant polarization (Pr), maximum polarization (Pmax), electric field (E) and temperature (T) was also studied. The results of this study are expected to largely benefit the field of ferroelectric based capacitors in discerning the dependency of U on hysteresis parameters (Pr, Pmax, and E) and T.