journal article·2013-01

Tennis core strings of polyamide-6 modified by surface-capped nano-silica

Juan Liu, Hongling Yi, Heng Lin, Baicun Zheng

Publisher page

Abstract

Abstract A new method that modified silica nanoparticles were infused into PA6 is to produce tennis core string through a melt-extrusion process. The idea was to produce a highly strong and elastic tennis core string of PA6, utilizing the interactions between modified silica and polymer. The effects of surface-capped nano-silica on the strength and elongation of tennis core string were studied. It has been observed that with the infusion of silica nanoparticles modified by γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPS), the stress at breaking and E-modulus of tennis core string is enhanced by 46.24% and 15.17% comparing with neat PA6 with changeless elongation at breaking at a critical concentration. The source of this improvement has been traced to the produced strong covalent bond and hydrogen bond between epoxy groups and–COOH and–NH 2 in polyamide. Besides, compared with kinds of others strings of previous research results, tennis core string added nano-silica modified by γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPS) has a strength at breaking at 352.43 MPa exceeding the natural gut string, the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), Monofil string and integrated nylon string by 42.05%, 4.49% and 9.38%, respectively. Meanwhile, tennis core string of polyamide modified by surface-capped nanosilica (PGMNS) has a higher elastic ratio at 0.15 than the other four strings.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Polymer Nanocomposites and Properties · Tribology and Wear Analysis · Polymer crystallization and properties

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (42)

Show source-provided references
1. Jerome Salsky et al. (1982), Strings for sports rackets [P], United States Patent: 4391088, 1983.
2. Albet F. Smith, et al. (1943), Racket strings [P], United States Patent: 2401291, 1943.
3. Martin James Benson, et al., Coated tennis strings and process for coating [P], United States Patent: 3920658, 1975.
4. Francis J. Gregory, et al. (1954), Tennis strings or like article [P], United States Patent: 2824485, 1953.
5. Julian T. Crandall, et al. (1958), Manufacture of tennis strings [P], United States Patent: 3050431, 1958.
6. Ferrari, Harry, et al. (1979), Method of producing string of polyamide and stringed racket with such string polyamide [P], United States Patent: RE30555, 1981.
7. Ferrari, Harry, et al. (1976), Method of producing string of polyamide and stringed racket and stringed musical instruments with such strings [P], United States Patent: 4015133, 1977.
8. Bajaj, Girdhar, et al. (1977), Tennis racket string [P], United States Patent: 4183200, 1980.
9. Oriented polyamide fiber and producing same [P]
10. G. Tappe, et al. (1981), String of a vinylidene fluoride synthetic resin composition [P], United States Patent: 4382358, 1983.
11. Kavesh, et al. (1995), Abrasion resistant quasi monofilament and sheathing composition [P], United States Patent: 5573850, 1996.
12. Steven J. Crandall, et al. (1978), String construction produced by subjecting a fibrous strand composted of fibrous materials having differing melting points to heating conditions sufficient to melt some but not all of the fibrous materials [P], United States Patent: 4275117, 1981.
13. Sheldon Kavesh, et al. (1984), Producing high tensity, high modulus crystalline article such as fiber or film [P], United States Patent: 4551296, 1985.
14. Woltron, et al. (1984), Method of producing strings for ball rackets, particularly for tennis rackets and a string produced by this method [P], United States Patent: 4568415, 1986.
15. Herbert Woltron, et al. (1986), Method for manufacturing a string in a form ready for a racket, a string manufactured by said method, and method for supply a stringing rackets with said string [P], United States Patent: 4835036, 1989.
16. David V. Cunningham, et al. (1995), Process for making an abrasion resistant quasi monofilament [P], United States Patent: 5601775, 1997.
17. K.A. Stevens et al. (1992), Synthetic string for sporting application [P]. United States Patent: WO94/03666, 1994.
18. Fujimoto, Katsuhiro, et al. (2001), Process for producing a polyester fiber [P], United States Patent: 6692671, 2004.
19. Takatoshi Shida, et al. (1997), Heat-aging-resistant polyamide resin composition and fiber comprising the same [P], United States Patent: 5929178, 1999.
20. Randa, Stuart Karl, et al. (2000), Fluoropolymer modification of strings for stringed sports equipment and musical instruments [P], United States Patent: 6835454, 2004.
21. Abrasion-resistant composite-coated string for sports racquets and fishing equipment [P], United States Patent: 2001035002, 2001.
22. Huang; Ben T. (1983), Graphite impregnated polyamide tennis strings [P], United States Patent: 4395458, 1983.
23. Okimoto, et al. (2003), Applicator for strings [P], United States Patent: 7033441, 2006.
24. Micro- and nano-scale deformation behavior of nylon 66-based binary and ternary composites10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.03.020 ↗
25. Pinnavaia · 2001
26. The suitability of halloysite nanotubes as a fire retardant for nylon 610.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.06.018 ↗
27. Properties of an organosilicon nanophase generated in a poly (amide imide) matrix by the sol-gel technique10.1002/pat.596 ↗
28. Compatibility of soluble polyimide/silica hybrids induced by a coupling agent10.1021/cm010088v ↗
29. Chemically bonded silica-polymer composites from linear and branched polyamides in a sol-gel process10.1039/a604028d ↗
30. Crystallization and thermal properties of polyamide 6 composites filled with different nanofillers10.1016/j.matlet.2006.12.090 ↗
31. Hybrid polyamide/silica nanocomposites: synthesis and mechanical testing10.1002/1439-2054(20020201)287:2<106::AID-MAME106>3.0.CO;2-2 ↗
32. Morphology and proprties of PET/PA-6/SiO2 ternary composited10.1002/app.25690 ↗
33. Polyamide-silica nanocomposits: mechanical, morphological and thermomechanical investigations10.1002/pi.2343 ↗
34. Brook Michael · 2000
35. Effect of SiO2 nanoparticle on thermal and tensile behavior of nylon-610.1016/j.msea.2006.05.124 ↗
36. Correlation between interfacial interctions and mechanical properties of PA-6 doped with surface-capped nano-silica10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.04.121 ↗
37. Large-scale extrusion processing and characterization of hybrid nylon-6/SiO2 nanocomposites10.1002/pat.458 ↗
38. Reinforcement of nylon-6 with functionalized silica nanoparticles for enhanced tensile strength and modulus10.1088/0957-4484/19/44/445702 ↗
39. The influence of silane treatment on nylon 6/nano- SiO2 in situ polymerization10.1002/app.10349 ↗
40. Funtionally graded nylon-11/silica composites produced by selective laser sintering10.1016/j.msea.2007.10.082 ↗
41. Processing and properties of glass bond particulate-filled functionally graded nylon-11 composites produced by selective laser sintering10.1016/j.msea.2006.07.112 ↗
42. Tatsumi Koshimae, et al. (1997), Racquet string [P], United States Patent: 6460321 B1, 2002.