Surface modification of polypropylene battery separator by direct fluorination with different gas components

Abstract Improvement in hydrophilicity of polypropylene (PP) separator and its stability is essential for enhancing the comprehensive performance of battery. In this study, the PP separators were surface modified by direct fluorination with F 2 /N 2 and F 2 /O 2 /N 2 gas atmosphere. The alkali absorption ratios (AARs) of these two kinds of fluorinated separators are 302.7% and 418.4%, respectively, which is about nine and twelve times than that of the virgin PP separator. At the same time, the AARs of the fluorinated separators stored for 90 days at ambient temperature in air environment still remain. The surface energy of PP separators is increased from 37.8 mN/m to 47.7 mN/m and 48.9 mN/m determined by contact angle measurement after direct fluorination. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) results indicate that polar groups, such as C O(OH) and C F x , are introduced into the polymeric structures of the two fluorinated separator surfaces. Larger quantity of polar groups, especially C O(OH), are introduced on separator surface by the F 2 /O 2 /N 2 modified route, which results in the difference of the AARs and behavior of alkali absorption. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) demonstrates that the size and shape of micropores of PP separators remain almost unchanged after direct fluorination.