p–n junction improvements of Cu2ZnSnS4/CdS monograin layer solar cells

Abstract In this work we studied the influence of oxidative etching of CZTS monograin surface to the performance of CZTS monograin layer solar cells. The chemistry of CZTS monograin powder surfaces submitted to bromine in methanol and KCN aqueous solutions was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. After bromine etching, elemental sulfur, Sn–O and/or Sn–Br species are formed on the CZTS crystal surface. Sulfur is completely removed by subsequent KCN etching, but oxides and bromides remained on the surface until CdS deposition. These species dissolve in alkaline solution and influence properties of CdS. The conversion efficiency of solar cells improved after the chemical etching prior to CdS deposition and the effect can be attributed to the change of the absorber material crystals surface composition and properties suitable for the effective p – n junction formation. The best CZTS monograin layer solar cell showed conversation efficiency of 7.04% (active area 9.38%).