Fully Air-Bladed High-Efficiency Perovskite Photovoltaics

Summary Perovskite photovoltaics has achieved rapid development largely due to the spin-coating technique with antisolvent steps at laboratory scale. However, the spin-coating/antisolvent technique limits the device dimension due to film uniformity issues. Up to now, it has been challenging to obtain perovskite devices with high efficiency (e.g., >20%) using scalable methods without antisolvent steps. Herein, an air-blading process is demonstrated to assemble the entire perovskite devices completely free from the spin-coating techniques. This method can coat perovskite precursor on substrates and simultaneously induce nucleation in perovskite intermediate films without any antisolvent steps, leading to highly uniform films. The fully air-bladed perovskite photovoltaics shows the best efficiency (reverse scanning) of >20% for 0.09 cm2 illumination-exposure area and the best efficiency of >19% for 1.0 cm2 illumination-exposure area with high reproducibility (stabilized efficiencies are 19.3% and 18.2%, respectively). Such an air-blading process offers a wide processing window for versatile high-performance perovskite optoelectronics toward large-scale production.