Analysis of the laser-induced discoloration of lead white pigment
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract The use of laser cleaning in artwork conservation is becoming increasingly important. An investigation into the effects of laser radiation on lead white pigment, considered to be historically the most important of all white pigments used in art, has been undertaken. Samples of pigment and pigment in a water-colour binding medium have been prepared and irradiated by laser radiation at 1064 nm (pulse duration 5–10 ns) at an average fluence of 0.3 J cm−2. Irradiation under such conditions leads to the formation of an extremely thin discoloured layer. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) have been used to characterise the altered layer. Analytical evidence for the formation of elemental lead is presented for the first time and the effect of exposure of the altered layer to air and the effect of a binding medium on the process are discussed.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis · Conservation Techniques and Studies · Building materials and conservation
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (24)
Show source-provided references
1. J.F. Asmus, C.G. Murphy, W.H. Munk, in: Proceedings of the Conference of the SPIE, Vol. 41, 1973, p. 19.10.1117/12.953831 ↗
2. M.I. Cooper (Ed.), Laser Cleaning in Conservation: An Introduction, Butterworths-Heinemann, Oxford, 1998.
3. Weeks · Stud. Conserv. · 1998 · 43 · 10110.2307/1506646 ↗
4. L. Shekede, in: Post-Prints of the Analysis of Pigments and Plasters, London, 1997, United Kingdom Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works, London, 1998, p. 23.
5. P. Pouli, D.C. Emmony, in: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Lasers in the Conservation of Artworks, Florence, 1999, Elsevier, Paris, 2000, p. 181; J. Cultur. Herit. (Suppl.).
6. A. Sansonetti, M. Realini, in: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Lasers in the Conservation of Artworks, Florence, 1999, Elsevier, Paris, 2000, p. 189; J. Cultur. Herit. (Suppl.).
7. A. Athanassiou, A.E. Hill, T. Fourrier, L. Burgio, R.J.H. Clark, in: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Lasers in the Conservation of Artworks, Florence, 1999, Elsevier, Paris, 2000, p. 209; J. Cultur. Herit. (Suppl.).10.1016/S1296-2074(00)00180-1 ↗
8. Pouli · Appl. Surf. Sci. · 2001 · 173 · 25210.1016/S0169-4332(00)00909-0 ↗
9. Zafiropulos · Surf. Eng. · 2001 · 17 · 24910.1179/026708401101517773 ↗
10. Gettens · Stud. Conserv. · 1967 · 12 · 12510.2307/1505410 ↗
11. Giovannoni · Stud. Conserv. · 1990 · 35 · 2110.2307/1506278 ↗
12. Tang · J. Archaeol. Sci. · 2001 · 28 · 101510.1006/jasc.2000.0608 ↗
13. D. Briggs, M.P. Seah, Practical surface analysis, Auger and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, 2nd Edition, Vol. 1, Wiley, New York, 1990.
14. Munro · J. Synchrotron Rad. · 1997 · 4 · 34410.1107/S090904959701176X ↗
15. Cernik · J. Appl. Cryst. · 1990 · 23 · 29210.1107/S0021889890003648 ↗
16. Collins · Rev. Sci. Instrum. · 1992 · 63 · 101310.1063/1.1143187 ↗
17. MacLean · Mater. Sci. Forum · 2000 · 321–324 · 21210.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.321-324.212 ↗
18. Roberts · J. Synchrotron Rad. · 1998 · 5 · 127010.1107/S0909049598007870 ↗
19. M.D. Raven, XPLOT for Windows, Version 1.34, CSIRO Land and Water, Australia, 1999.
20. R.W.M. Kwok, XPSPeak, Version 4.1, Hong Kong, 1999, www.phy.cuhk.edu.hk/∼surface/xpspeak/.
21. Taylor · J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A · 1984 · 2 · 77110.1116/1.572569 ↗
22. Hewitt · Surf. Sci. · 1978 · 78 · 110.1016/0039-6028(78)90205-4 ↗
23. C.V. Horie, Materials for Conservation, Architectural Press, Oxford, 1987, p. 141.10.1016/B978-0-408-01531-8.50019-7 ↗
24. B.D. Cullity, Elements of X-Ray Diffraction, 2nd Edition, Addison-Welsley, London, 1978, pp. 292–295.