Segregation mechanism of phosphorus in Ti-stabilized interstitial-free steel

Abstract The grain boundary segregation of phosphorus in an interstitial-free (IF) steel aged for different times at 600 and 720 °C was investigated using Auger electron spectroscopy. Results revealed that a significant degree of phosphorus segregation occurred during annealing for Ti-stabilized IF steel with 0.045 wt% bulk content of phosphorus. In addition, the segregation degree increased with increased holding time. The segregation behavior of phosphorus in IF steel was analyzed based on the theory of grain boundary segregation, along with the present experimental data and previous results. The phosphorus segregation had equilibrium segregation characteristics, and the bulk concentration of phosphorus and holding temperature strongly influenced the final grain boundary segregation concentration of phosphorus in IF steel during annealing. Furthermore, the segregation level of phosphorus substantially decreased with increased annealing temperature or decreased bulk concentration of phosphorus. Results of theoretical calculation were consistent with the experimental ones, indicating that the grain boundary segregation behavior of phosphorus in IF steel during annealing can be qualitatively and quantitatively explained by the theory of equilibrium segregation.