Surface modification of argon/oxygen plasma treated vulcanized ethylene propylene diene polymethylene surfaces for improved adhesion with natural rubber
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract Vulcanized ethylene propylene diene polymethylene (EPDM) rubber surface was treated in a radio frequency capacitatively coupled low pressure argon/oxygen plasma to improve adhesion with compounded natural rubber (NR) during co-vulcanization. The plasma modified surfaces were analyzed by means of contact angle measurement, surface energy, attenuated total reflection-infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray sulfur mapping and atomic force microscopy. Several experimental variables such as plasma power, length of exposure time and composition of the argon–oxygen gas mixture were considered. It was delineated that plasma treatment changed both surface composition and roughness, and consequently increased peel strength. The change in surface composition was mainly ascribed to the formation of C–O and –C O functional groups on the vulcanized surfaces. A maximum of 98% improvement in peel strength was observed after plasma treatment.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity · Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research · Polymer Nanocomposite Synthesis and Irradiation
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (65)
Show source-provided references
1. Bhowmick · 2006
2. Surface characterization of synthetic vulcanized rubber treated with oxygen plasma10.1002/(SICI)1096-9918(19980501)26:5<385::AID-SIA384>3.0.CO;2-K ↗
3. Adhesion to polymers: how important are weak boundary layers?10.1016/0143-7496(93)90028-8 ↗
4. Surface photografting of polymerizable 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl) 2H-benzotriazoles as ultra-violet stabilizers10.1016/0032-3861(90)90201-9 ↗
5. Studies on cold plasma–polymer surface interaction by example of PP- and PET-films10.1088/0022-3727/41/23/235203 ↗
6. Polymer surface modification by plasmas and photons10.1016/0167-5729(96)80003-3 ↗
7. Irradiation wavelength selective surface modification of a triazeno polymer10.1021/ma9517198 ↗
8. Surface modification of polymer surfaces: atmospheric plasma versus vacuum plasma treatments10.1088/0022-3727/34/18/308 ↗
9. Effect of atmospheric plasma treatment on polymer surface energy and adhesion10.1177/8756087907078698 ↗
10. Adhesion of polypropylene treated with nitric and sulfuric acid10.1016/S0014-3057(97)00049-9 ↗
11. The chromic acid etching of polyolefin surfaces, and adhesive bonding10.1016/0021-9797(74)90241-0 ↗
12. Surface ozonation and photo oxidation of polyethylene film10.1002/pol.1983.170210715 ↗
13. Surface morphology of polyethylene after treatment in a corona discharge10.1002/app.1971.070150606 ↗
14. Chemical modification of polymer surfaces: a review10.1002/pat.1994.220051207 ↗
15. Modification of isotactic polypropylene by a cold plasma or an electron beam and grafting of the acrylic acid onto these activated polymers10.1002/app.1994.070531003 ↗
16. Radiation graft modification of EPDM rubber
17. Adhesion improvement of SBR rubber by treatment with trichloroisocyanuric acid solutions in different esters10.1016/S0143-7496(01)00005-7 ↗
18. Effects of flame treatment on the interfacial energy of polyethylene assessed by contact mechanics10.1021/la7035532 ↗
19. Surface modification of ethylene–propylene rubber by laser grafting of acrylic acid
20. Surface- and bulk-properties of EPDM rubber modified by electron beam irradiation10.1016/S0969-806X(97)00296-X ↗
21. Radiation modification of EPDM rubber: evaluation of wettability and biocompatibility
22. Surface modification of polyethylene by photochemical introduction of sulfonic acid groups10.1021/cm991158p ↗
23. Surface energy and chemistry of ethylene–propylene-diene elastomer (EPDM) treated by plasma immersion ion implantation10.1023/A:1020325701238 ↗
24. Surface modification of EPDM rubber by reactive argon–oxygen plasma process10.1080/713738292 ↗
25. Surface modification of EPDM rubber by plasma treatment10.1021/la053471d ↗
26. Surface improvement of EPDM rubber by plasma treatment10.1088/0022-3727/40/24/022 ↗
27. Modification of polymers by plasma treatment and by plasma polymerization10.1021/bk-1985-0287.ch007 ↗
28. Study on hydrophilicity of polymer surfaces improved by plasma treatment10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.05.038 ↗
29. Surface modification of a polyurethane film by low pressure glow discharge oxygen plasma treatment10.1002/app.26250 ↗
30. Surface modification of polypropylene using argon plasma: Statistical optimization of the process variables10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.04.034 ↗
31. The surface chemistry resulting from low-pressure plasma treatment of polystyrene: the effect of residual vessel bound oxygen10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.10.005 ↗
32. Surface modification of polymers using a multi-step plasma treatment10.1016/j.scriptamat.2008.08.038 ↗
33. Surface modification of polymeric materials by atmospheric plasma treatment10.1016/S0300-9440(97)00117-3 ↗
34. Correlation of friction, adhesion, wettability and surface chemistry after argon plasma treatment of poly (ethylene terephthalate)10.1039/a807261b ↗
35. Physical polymer surface modification methods and applications in food packaging polymers10.1080/10408699991279240 ↗
36. The mechanism of adhesion and printability of plasma processed PET films10.1007/s10019-003-0265-z ↗
37. Photochemical surface modification of polymers for improved adhesion10.1163/156856195X00563 ↗
38. Plasma surface modification of polymers for improved adhesion: a critical review10.1163/156856193X00600 ↗
39. Improvement of the adhesion of low-energy polymers by a short-time plasma treatment10.1016/0257-8972(94)08209-X ↗
40. Cold plasma treatment of polypropylene surface: a study on wettability and adhesion10.1016/S0924-0136(01)01221-3 ↗
41. Plasma treatment of tetrafluoroethylene–ethylene copolymers for adhesive bonding10.1016/0143-7496(91)90008-6 ↗
42. Plasma treatment of polymers for surface and adhesion improvement10.1016/S0168-583X(03)00644-X ↗
43. Improvement in polymer adhesivity by low and normal pressure plasma surface modification10.1016/0257-8972(93)90115-5 ↗
44. Polymer surface treatment for improvement of metal–polymer adhesion10.1016/0169-4332(93)90029-B ↗
45. Improved adhesion of RF plasma treated rubbers by isocyanate incorporation to polyurethane adhesive10.1002/ppap.200700173 ↗
46. R.B. Hahn, US Patent 6646054 (November 11, 2003).
47. R.B. Hahn, US Patent 6869685 (March 22, 2005).
48. Hahn · 2004 · 119
49. Analysis of thermally aged adhesion specimen between precured and uncured rubber sheets10.1016/j.jiec.2009.09.032 ↗
50. Electron beam-initiated surface modification of elastomers10.1163/156856198X00335 ↗
51. Interplay between bulk viscoelasticity and surface energy in autohesive tack of rubber–tackifier blends10.1002/polb.21985 ↗
52. Unique tackification behavior of needle-like sepiolite nanoclay in brominated isobutylene-co-p-methylstyrene (BIMS) rubber10.1021/ma100472r ↗
53. Adhesion of vulcanized rubber surfaces: characterization of unmodified and electron beam modified EPDM surfaces and their co-vulcanization with natural rubber10.1163/016942409X12489445844471 ↗
54. Characterization of EPDM vulcanizates modified with gamma irradiation and trichloroisocyanuric acid and their adhesion behavior with natural rubber10.1080/00218460903479305 ↗
55. Effect of tackifier compatibility and blend viscoelasticity on peel strength behavior of vulcanized EPDM rubber co-cured with unvulcanized rubber10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2010.04.003 ↗
56. Surface modifications of vulcanized SBR rubber by treatment with atmospheric pressure plasma torch10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2005.05.002 ↗
57. Surface modification of natural vulcanized rubbers by atmospheric dielectric barrier discharges plasma treatments10.1002/ppap.200930908 ↗
58. Different surface modifications produced by oxygen plasma and halogenations treatments on a vulcanized rubber10.1163/156856102760067190 ↗
59. Adhesive properties of polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film surfaces treated by DC glow discharge plasma10.1016/j.vacuum.2008.05.032 ↗
60. Surface characteristics of polypropylene film treated by an atmospheric pressure plasma10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.09.018 ↗
61. Comparison of the surface characteristics of polypropylene films treated by Ar and mixed gas (Ar/O2) atmospheric pressure plasma10.1016/j.jcis.2005.11.007 ↗
62. Elemental sulfur at the pyrite surfaces: speciation and quantification10.1016/S0169-4332(98)00918-0 ↗
63. Characterization of gold sulfide nanoparticles10.1021/la011186y ↗
64. Effect of low-pressure O2 and Ar plasma treatments on the wettability and morphology of biaxial-oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film10.1016/j.porgcoat.2007.07.007 ↗
65. Control of interfacial adhesion in continuous carbon and Kevlar fiber reinforced polymer composites10.1016/0266-3538(92)90070-J ↗