Development of glucose biosensors based on plasma polymerization-assisted nanocomposites of polyaniline, tin oxide, and three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide

Abstract A biosensor based on the plasma polyaniline (pPANI)-modified tin oxide and 3D reduced graphene oxide (SnO 2 @3D-rGO) nanocomposite was fabricated to detect glucose. The SnO 2 @3D-rGO nanocomposite was synthesized by simultaneously reducing 3D graphene oxide (3D-GO) and translating SnCl 4 into SnO 2 , followed by pPANI modification. The content of amino groups in the SnO 2 @3D-rGO@pPANI nanocomposites depended on the plasma input powers used in plasma deposition. The SnO 2 @3D-rGO nanocomposite was important in the electrochemical biosensor to detect glucose. The fabricated biosensor exhibited a much higher sensitivity than that formed from individual components, namely, SnO 2 @3D-rGO and pPANI. This biosensor demonstrated a low detection limit of 0.047 ng mL −1 (0.26 nM) (S/N = 3) within the concentration range of 0.1 ng mL −1 to 5 μg mL −1 . The selectivity, stability, and practicality of the SnO 2 @3D-rGO@pPANI-based biosensor were observed. In conclusion, the plasma surface-modified nanocomposite is a promising candidate as biosensor for glucose detection and biological diagnosis.