Energy Assessment of Electric Micromobility Integration in Port–City Interfaces: A Scenario-Based Transportation Study

The integration of electric micromobility into urban transportation systems can significantly reduce the energy consumption and emissions associated with short-distance travel. However, quantitative energy-based assessments remain limited, particularly in complex environments such as port–city interfaces. This paper presents a scenario-based energy assessment framework combining survey data and energy modelling. Empirical data were collected through a user survey (n = 138) targeting port workers and nearby residents, providing information on trip distances, travel frequency, modal choice, and willingness to shift from private car use. These data were combined with an energy modelling framework based on mode-specific energy intensity values expressed in kWh per passenger-kilometre. Three scenarios were analysed: a baseline scenario without intervention, a modal shift scenario supported by basic infrastructure measures, and an integrated scenario including transport management measures and local photovoltaic energy coupling. Results indicate that a moderate modal shift of 35% from private cars to electric micromobility for short-distance trips can generate aggregated annual energy savings of approximately 30 MWh and reduce CO2 emissions by around 7 t per year across the analysed cases. According to the proposed energy model, electric micromobility achieves up to a 95% reduction in energy use per passenger-kilometre compared to private car travel. Furthermore, photovoltaic coupling could supply between 55% and 85% of the annual charging demand. The proposed framework is transparent and transferable, supporting energy-efficient and electrified future mobility planning.