Analysis and Optimization of Output Low-Pass Filter for Current-Source Single-Phase Grid-Connected PV Inverters
Source abstract
Abstract
In this study, the design of output low-pass capacitive–inductive (CL) filters is analyzed and optimized for current-source single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) inverters. Four different CL filter configurations with varying damping resistor placements are examined, evaluating performance concerning the output current’s total harmonic distortion (THD), the power factor (PF), and power losses. High-frequency harmonics are effectively attenuated by a second-order CL filter with the damping resistor placed parallel to the filter inductor. In addition, this filter type achieves the best performance by minimizing power loss. A systematic design methodology using filter normalization techniques allows to determine the optimum filter parameters based on the specified cut-off frequency (500 Hz), power loss (5% of rated power), and target THD (<5%). The analysis, simulations, and experiments show that under various operating conditions, this approach meets the grid connection standards (current THD < 5%, power factor between 0.8 leading and 0.95 lagging) while improving efficiency.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Microgrid Control and Optimization · Power Systems and Renewable Energy · Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik 11230, Türkiye
CD Power Pty. Ltd., Adelaide, SA 5013, Australia
References (41)
Show source-provided references
1. Nave, M. (2010). Power Line Filter Design for Switched-Mode Power Supplies, Van Nostrand Reinhold. [2nd ed.].
2. Kim, S.-D., Tran, T.V., Yoon, S.-J., and Kim, K.-H. (2024). Current Controller Design of Grid-Connected Inverter with Incomplete Observation Considering L-/LC-Type Grid Impedance. Energies, 17.10.3390/en17081855 ↗
3. A review of single-phase grid-connected inverters for photovoltaic modules10.1109/TIA.2005.853371 ↗
4. Cha, H., and Vu, T.-K. (2010, January 21–25). Comparative analysis of low-pass output filter for single-phase grid-connected Photovoltaic inverter. Proceedings of the IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, Palm Springs, CA, USA.10.1109/APEC.2010.5433454 ↗
5. A modified direct power control strategy allowing the connection of three-phase inverters to the grid through LCL filters10.1109/TIA.2007.904438 ↗
6. Passive filter design for three-phase inverter interfacing in distributed generation
7. Adamas-Pérez, H., Ponce-Silva, M., Mina-Antonio, J.D., Claudio-Sánchez, A., Rodríguez-Benítez, O., and Rodríguez-Benítez, O.M. (2024). A New LCL Filter Design Method for Single-Phase Photovoltaic Systems Connected to the Grid via Micro-Inverters. Technologies, 12.10.3390/technologies12060089 ↗
8. Filter optimization for grid interactive voltage source inverters10.1109/TIE.2010.2042421 ↗
9. Lindgren, M., and Swenson, J. (1998, January 17–22). Control of a voltage-source converter connected to the grid through an lcl filter application to active filtering. Proceedings of the IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Fukuoka, Japan.
10. (2003). Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems (Standard No. IEEE Std 1547).
11. (2020). Grid Connection of Energy Systems via Inverters, Part 2: Inverter Requirements (Standard No. AS/NZS 4777.2).
12. A Control Bandwidth Optimized Active Damping Scheme for LC and LCL Filter-Based Converters10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3249238 ↗
13. Wang, S., Cui, K., and Hao, P. (2024). Grid-Connected Inverter Grid Voltage Feedforward Control Strategy Based on Multi-Objective Constraint in Weak Grid. Energies, 17.10.3390/en17133288 ↗
14. Design and control of an LCL-filter-based three-phase active rectifier10.1109/TIA.2005.853373 ↗
15. L vs. LCL filter for photovoltaic grid-connected inverter: A reliability study10.1155/2020/7872916 ↗
16. Optimal design of LCL filter in grid-connected inverters10.1049/iet-pel.2018.5518 ↗
17. Xie, L., Zeng, S., Liu, J., Zhang, Z., and Yao, J. (2022). Control and Stability Analysis of the LCL-Type Grid-Connected Converter without Phase-Locked Loop under Weak Grid Conditions. Electronics, 11.10.3390/electronics11203322 ↗
18. Optimal LCL-filter design for a single-phase grid-connected inverter using metaheuristic algorithms10.1016/j.compeleceng.2023.108857 ↗
19. An improved resonant frequency based systematic LCL filter design method for grid-connected inverter10.1109/TIE.2017.2682004 ↗
20. An enhanced lyapunov-function based control scheme for three-phase grid-tied VSI with LCL filter10.1109/TSTE.2018.2833809 ↗
21. Solatialkaran, D. (2020). Optimal Output Filter Design for Grid-Tied Inverters with GaN-Based Switching Devices. [Ph.D. Thesis, The University of Queensland].
22. Rodríguez-Benítez, O.M., Aqui-Tapia, J.A., Ortega-Velázquez, I., and Espinosa-Pérez, G. (2022). Current Source Topologies for Photovoltaic Applications: An Overview. Electronics, 11.10.3390/electronics11182953 ↗
23. Effect of passive series damping resistor on single phase grid connected inverter with LCL filter10.5505/pajes.2020.99896 ↗
24. Optimal design of high-order passive-damped filters for grid-connected applications10.1109/TPEL.2015.2441299 ↗
25. Bolsi, P.C., Prado, E.O., Sartori, H.C., Lenz, J.M., and Pinheiro, J.R. (2022). LCL Filter Parameter and Hardware Design Methodology for Minimum Volume Considering Capacitor Lifetimes. Energies, 15.10.3390/en15124420 ↗
26. Improved design of passive damping for single phase grid-connected LCL filtered inverter considering impedance stability10.1049/pel2.12666 ↗
27. Ertasgin, G., Whaley, D.M., Soong, W.L., and Ertugrul, N. (2016, January 13–14). Low-pass filter design of a current-source 1-ph grid-connected PV inverter. Proceedings of the IEEE International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia.10.1109/RTUCON.2016.7763111 ↗
28. Jayalath, S., and Hanif, M. (December, January 29). CL-filter design for grid-connected CSI. Proceedings of the IEEE Brazilian Power Electronics Conference and 1st Southern Power Electronics Conference, Fortaleza, Brazil.10.1109/COBEP.2015.7420090 ↗
29. Bidirectional DC-AC converter for photovoltaic solar system in home electrical networks
30. Design of a CLC Filter for Flyback-Type Micro-inverters of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems10.1080/03772063.2017.1288074 ↗
31. Migliazza, G., Lorenzani, E., Immovilli, F., and Buticchi, G. (2020). Single-Phase Current Source Inverter with Reduced Ground Leakage Current for Photovoltaic Applications. Electronics, 9.10.3390/electronics9101618 ↗
32. de Macedo, G.B.N., Martins, D.C., and Coelho, R.F. (2016, January 20–23). Design and comparative analysis of CL, CLCL and Trap-CL filters for current source inverters. Proceedings of the IEEE Industry Applications, Curitiba, Brazil.10.1109/INDUSCON.2016.7874533 ↗
33. Zheng, Y., Deng, H., Liu, X., and Guan, Y. (2024). Sliding Mode Observer-Based Phase-Locking Strategy for Current Source Inverter in Weak Grids. Energies, 17.10.3390/en17194891 ↗
34. Active damping of LCL-filtered grid-connected inverter based on parallel feedforward compensation strategy10.1016/j.asej.2022.101902 ↗
35. Gholami-Khesht, H., Davari, P., Wu, C., and Blaabjerg, F. (2022). A Systematic Control Design Method with Active Damping Control in Voltage Source Converters. Appl. Sci., 12.10.3390/app12178893 ↗
36. Digital non-Foster-inspired electronics for broadband impedance matching10.1038/s41467-024-48861-6 ↗
37. An adaptive PR controller for synchronizing grid-connected inverters10.1109/TIE.2018.2838098 ↗
38. Whaley, D.M., Ertasgin, G., Soong, W.L., Ertugrul, N., Darbyshire, J., Dehbonei, H., and Nayar, C.V. (2006, January 6–10). Investigation of a low-cost grid-connected inverter for small-scale wind turbines based on a constant-current source PM generator. Proceedings of the IEEE Industrial Electronics, Paris, France.10.1109/IECON.2006.347938 ↗
39. Performance analysis of a low-cost current-source 1-ph grid-connected PV inverter
40. He, Q., Liu, L., Qiu, M., and Luo, Q. (2021). A Step-by-Step Design for Low-Pass Input Filter of the Single-Stage Converter. Energies, 14.10.3390/en14237901 ↗
41. Zhang, J., Yang, R., and Zhang, C. (2019). High-Performance Low-Pass Filter Using Stepped Impedance Resonator and Defected Ground Structure. Electronics, 8.10.3390/electronics8040403 ↗