Analysis of a Sustainable Hybrid Microgrid Based on Solar Energy, Biomass, and Storage for Rural Electrification in Isolated Communities

Rural electrification in isolated communities requires reliable and affordable renewable solutions. This paper analyses a hybrid microgrid case study in a rural area integrating PV–biomass–BESS using mathematical models and simulations in MATLAB/Simulink Version 2025a, characterizing local resources (climate and biomass), and evaluating irradiance, temperature, and demand profiles. On typical days, the system meets demand with overall efficiencies of 93–103%; solar energy contributes 6.8–8.9 kWh/day (37–42%), biomass 9.5–13.2 kWh/day (54–62%), and BESS ≈ 0.6 kWh/day (≈3%), operating at 60–90% SoC. Between March and June, photovoltaic generation increased from 7.2 to 8.9 kWh/day (+23.6%), raising overall efficiency from 97% to 103%; in October, the contribution was 40% PV, 57% biomass, and 3% BESS. Coordinated operation—prioritizing solar and scheduling biomass at peaks—is robust and replicable. It is recommended to increase photovoltaic collection by ~20% and add ≥2.5 kWh of storage to reduce biomass dependence by 15–20% and improve nighttime autonomy. This integrated approach to solar generation, biomass management, and storage for efficient and sustainable supply is applied and validated in a theoretical case study developed in the rural area of Argelia-Viotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia.