Magnetic Field Penetration Depth in Various Materials and Applications

The magnetic field penetration depth poses challenges in communications, geophysical exploration, biomedical therapies, and superconducting device design. The objective of this systematic review was to identify, analyze, and understand the depth of magnetic field penetration in conductors, semiconductors, superconductors, insulators and natural materials, modelling applications in medicine, engineering, and basic sciences. An exhaustive search was carried out in databases such as Scopus, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, and IOPSCIENCE using keywords such as depth and penetration and magnetic and field and materials. PRISMA was used as a method to define inclusion and exclusion criteria, ensuring quality, transparency, and methodological rigor, followed by a detailed statistical analysis. The results showed that the penetration depth varies according to the material, frequency, and application conditions. In human tissues, infrastructure, and agricultural applications, the penetration range is between 0.01 and 0.2 m, with the possibility of a range greater than one meter in specific applications. The higher the frequency, the lower the penetration depth is confirmed. In conclusion, the penetration of the magnetic field depends on material properties such as conductivity and magnetic permeability, frequency, and temperature. The developed models offer relevant information for future research and technological applications.