The Effect of Different Levels of Shading in a Photovoltaic Greenhouse with a North–South Orientation
Source abstract
Abstract
Photovoltaic greenhouses have been claimed to be a solution to cover the energy demand of the protected crops sector. Thus, there is a need to know what is the maximum percentage of shading produced by roof-top photovoltaic panels that does not affect crop yields. The present study analyzes the effects of increasing percentages of shading in a greenhouse tomato crop located in the southeast of Spain. For this study, photovoltaic panels have been simulated with opaque sheets located in the roof-top of a north–south oriented greenhouse. Three treatments of top roof shading percentage (15%, 30% and 50%) where studied and compared with the control treatment without shading (0%). During the study, parameters registered were radiation, temperature, pH and electric conductivity of the substrate, crop yields and fruit quality. Results of the analysis show that higher percentages of shading in the roof-top of greenhouses reduce so much available radiation for the crop causing a reduction in the yield and fruit quality, even in Mediterranean areas where radiation is not a limiting factor.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Greenhouse Technology and Climate Control · Light effects on plants
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Tecnova, Technological Center: Foundation for Auxiliary Technologies for Agriculture; Parque Tecnológico de Almería, Avda. de la Innovación, 23, 04131 Almería, Spain
Department of Engineering, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), CIMEDES, 04120 La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería, Spain
INRA, University Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900 Sophia Antipolis, France
Funding
Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo, Junta de Andalucía · Fundación para las Tecnologías Auxiliares de la Agricultura (TECNOVA) · University of Almería
References (49)
Show source-provided references
1. Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) greenhouse shading: New insights for solar radiation manipulation10.1016/j.rser.2018.04.095 ↗
2. Energy sustainable greenhouse crop cultivation using photovoltaic technologies10.1016/j.rser.2019.04.026 ↗
3. Development of a Greenhouse Side-ventilation Controller driven by Photovoltaic Energy10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2006.12.012 ↗
4. Energy consumption for different greenhouse constructions10.1016/j.energy.2009.03.008 ↗
5. Economical analysis and relation between energy inputs and yield of greenhouse cucumber production in Iran10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.07.021 ↗
6. Performance investigation of a solar heating system with underground seasonal energy storage for greenhouse application10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.049 ↗
7. Environmental analysis of geothermal heat pump and LPG greenhouse heating systems10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2014.08.002 ↗
8. Carreño-Ortega, A., Galdeano-Gómez, E., Pérez-Mesa, J.C., and Galera-Quiles, M.D.C. (2017). Policy and Environmental Implications of Photovoltaic Systems in Farming in Southeast Spain: Can Greenhouses Reduce the Greenhouse Effect?. Energies, 10.10.3390/en10060761 ↗
9. Testing organic photovoltaic modules for application as greenhouse cover or shading element10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2019.05.003 ↗
10. Moretti, S., and Marucci, A. (2019). A Photovoltaic Greenhouse with Variable Shading for the Optimization of Agricultural and Energy Production. Energies, 12.10.3390/en12132589 ↗
11. Energy management in horticultural applications through the closed greenhouse concept, state of the art10.1016/j.rser.2012.04.022 ↗
12. Advanced applications of solar energy in agricultural greenhouses10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.095 ↗
13. Renewable and sustainable energy saving strategies for greenhouse systems: A comprehensive review10.1016/j.rser.2016.05.077 ↗
14. Carbon footprint and cumulative energy demand of greenhouse and open-field tomato cultivation systems under Southern and Central European climatic conditions10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.10.106 ↗
15. PV greenhouse system—System description, performance and lesson learned
16. Assessment and evaluation of PV based decentralized rural electrification: An overview10.1016/j.rser.2010.04.005 ↗
17. Photovoltaic systems: A cost competitive option to supply energy to off-grid agricultural communities in arid regions10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.06.012 ↗
18. Performance analysis and neural modelling of a greenhouse integrated photovoltaic system10.1016/j.rser.2012.04.002 ↗
19. Comparison of climate and production in closed, semi-closed and open greenhouses10.17660/ActaHortic.2011.893.88 ↗
20. Aspects of PV/T solar system application for ventilation needs in greenhouses10.17660/ActaHortic.2006.719.26 ↗
21. The Semitransparent Photovoltaic Films for Mediterranean Greenhouse: A New Sustainable Technology10.1155/2012/451934 ↗
22. Limits and prospects of photovoltaic covers in Mediterranean greenhouses10.4081/jae.2013.e1 ↗
23. LCA of renewable energy for electricity generation systems: A review. Renew10.1016/j.rser.2008.08.004 ↗
24. Greenhouse tomato production with electricity generation by roof-mounted flexible solar panels10.1590/S0103-90162012000400001 ↗
25. Morphology, yield and quality of greenhouse tomato cultivation with flexible photovoltaic rooftop panels (Almería-Spain)10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108768 ↗
26. Assessment and comparison of the solar radiation distribution inside the main commercial photovoltaic greenhouse types in Europe10.1016/j.rser.2018.06.001 ↗
27. The influence of shading on yield of glasshouse tomatoes10.1080/00221589.1992.11516215 ↗
28. Enoch, Z., and Stanhill, G. (1998). Potential Production within the Greenhouse Environment. Ecosystems of the World. The Greenhouse Ecosystem, Elsevier.
29. Influence of mobile shading on yield, crop transpiration and water use efficiency10.17660/ActaHortic.2006.719.53 ↗
30. Effect of shading with aluminised screens on fruit production and quality in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under greenhouse conditions10.5424/sjar/2009071-396 ↗
31. Solar radiation distribution inside a greenhouse with south-oriented photovoltaic roofs and effects on crop productivity10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.07.070 ↗
32. Aroca-Delgado, R., Pérez-Alonso, J., Callejón-Ferre, Á., and Velázquez-Martí, B. (2018). Compatibility between Crops and Solar Panels: An Overview from Shading Systems. Sustainability, 10.10.3390/su10030743 ↗
33. Shading and electrical features of a photovoltaic array mounted inside the roof of an east-west oriented greenhouse10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2010.04.007 ↗
34. Electrical energy generated by photovoltaic modules mounted inside the roof of a north–south oriented greenhouse10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2009.02.020 ↗
35. Simulation of tomato production under photovoltaic greenhouses10.17660/ActaHortic.2017.1170.52 ↗
36. The effect of photovoltaic panels on the microclimate and on the tomato production under photovoltaic canarian greenhouses10.1016/j.solener.2018.08.043 ↗
37. Musculoskeletal disorders of agricultural workers in the greenhouses of Almería (Southeast Spain)10.1016/j.ssci.2018.05.023 ↗
38. Arana, J. (2012). Textural Properties of Foods. Phisical Properties of Foods, CRC Press. [1st ed.].10.1201/b11542 ↗
39. Analysis of combined experiments10.2134/agronj1983.00021962007500010041x ↗
40. Montgomery, D.C. (1991). Design and Analysis of Experiments, John Wiley and Sons Inc.
41. Gómez, K.A., and Gómez, A.A. (1984). Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research, Wiley.
42. Freund, R.J., Wilson, W.J., and Mohr, D.L. (2010). Inferences for Two or More Means. Statistical Methods, Elsevier. [3rd ed.].10.1016/B978-0-12-374970-3.00006-8 ↗
43. When to use the Bonferroni correction10.1111/opo.12131 ↗
44. Micrometeorological environment in traditional and photovoltaic greenhouses and effects on growth and quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
45. The Effect of Constraining the Intensity of Solar Radiation on the Photosynthesis, Growth, Yield and Product Quality of Tomato10.1111/jac.12018 ↗
46. Effect of shade on quality of greenhouse tomato10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.747.10 ↗
47. Metabolomic profiling in tomato reveals diel compositional changes in fruit affected by source–sink relationships10.1093/jxb/erv151 ↗
48. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) health components: From the seed to the consumer10.1007/s11101-007-9085-x ↗
49. Changes in the composition and quality of tomato fruit throughout the season