Compositional induced structural, dielectric, ferroelectric and optical study of Bismuth modified Barium Titanate ceramic

The present manuscript reports the structural, dielectric, ferroelectric and optical properties of Bi substituted BaTiO3 (BT) ceramic with general formula Ba1-xBi2x/3TiO3, synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction route. The recorded room temperature XRD spectra show a tetragonal symmetry and the tetragonality reduces with Bi-doped derivatives. The temperature-dependent dielectric behavior of the compositions is studied and modification in the paraelectric-ferroelectric (PE-FE) phase transition is observed. The dielectric diffusivity increases with substitution of Bi3+ ion on A-site of BaTiO3 because of modified polar structure. The temperature coefficient of dielectric constant has been calculated and obtained values suggest that the composition x = 0.01 and 0.025 are suitable for X5R (− 15% ≤ $$\left( {\varepsilon - \in_{{25⁰ {\text{C}}}} } \right)/ \in_{{25⁰ {\text{C}}}}$$ ≤ 15%, temperature range from − 55 to 85 °C) multi-layer ceramic capacitor (MLCC) application. A relaxor behavior has been observed for x = 0.1 and the Vogel-Fulcher fitting of the composition was carried out. The ferroelectric behavior illustrates that the coercive field and the remnant polarization increase up to x = 0.05 and decrease for higher doping. The energy storage efficiency for all the compositions has been calculated and the highest efficiency was obtained for x = 0.1. The optical property of all the synthesized samples has been studied using UV–Visible spectroscopy.