Two-dimensional black phosphorus: A new star in energy applications and the barrier to stability

Abstract Two-dimensional black phosphorus (TDBP) is a highly promising material for use in electronic devices because of its tunable direct band gap, high carrier mobility, and moderate on/off ratio in devices. A concise review of the unique structure and properties of TDBP that determine its feasibility for use in energy devices is introduced. The applications of TDBP in energy conversion/storage devices including transistors, batteries, supercapacitors, and solar cells are also presented. In addition, the ambient degradation behavior of TDBP, including light-induced and water-catalyzed degradation, is of great concern. Degradation and the strategies to avoid it are simultaneously discussed.