journal article·2023-09-01Open access

Recent progress in performance improvement strategies for quantum dot sensitization methods: Challenges, achievements, and future prospects

A. S. Najm, Vidhya Selvanathan, Thaar M. Aljuwaya, Laith S. Sabri, M. S. Jamal, Asla Abdullah Al-Zahrani, Araa Mebdir Holi, Israa Jaber, Ahmed Al Ghamdi, Majdi T. Amin, K. Sopian, Raid A. Ismail, Hazim Moria, Badariah Bais, Hasan Sh Majdi, Shahariar Chowdhury, Abbas J. Sultan, Thaqal M. Alhuzaymi

APL Materials· Volume 11· Issue 9

Abstract

In the recent past, there has been an increase in the use of semiconductor nanostructures that convert solar energy to electrical energy. This has encouraged the development of better and more efficient solar cells (SCs). Numerous investigations have been conducted into synthesizing novel semiconductor materials and tuning the electronic properties based on the shape, size, composition, and assembly of the quantum dots to improve hybrid assemblies. Recent studies that are determining the prospects of quantum dot SCs can form the basis for improving photovoltaic efficiency. Here, we have reviewed studies that investigated the sensitization methods for fabricating highly efficient SCs. We also discussed some examples that would help other researchers who want to sensitize quantum dot (QD) SCs. Thereafter, we analyzed the main and popular strategies that can be used for sensitizing the QD SCs within the limitations, advantages, and prospects of fabricating high-efficiency and stable QDs. During this work, we offered strong technical support and a theoretical basis for improving the industrial applications of QD. In addition, we provide a reference that can inspire other researchers who aim to improve the performance of SCs.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties · Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques · Perovskite Materials and Applications

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Electrical, Electronics and System, FKAB, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 1 , 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Iraqi Ministry of Oil 2 , Port Said Street, Baghdad, Iraq

Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology 3 , Baghdad, Iraq

Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (The Energy University) 4 , Jalan Ikram-Uniten, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia

Nuclear Technologies Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) 5 , P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia

Institute of Fuel Research and Development (IFRD), BCSIR 6 , Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh

Imam Abdulrahman-Bin Fiasal University 7 , Eastern Region, Dammam, Saudi Arabia

Department of Physics, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah 8 , Al-Diwaniyah, Al-Qadisiyah 58002, Iraq

Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Al Muthanna 9 , Samawah 66001, Iraq

Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, Yanbu Industrial College 10 , Yanbu Al-Sinaiyah City 41912, Saudi Arabia

Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Yanbu Industrial College 11 , Yanbu Al-Sinaiyah City 41912, Saudi Arabia

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS 12 , 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia

Applied Sciences Department, University of Technology 13 , Baghdad, Iraq

Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University 14 , Babylon 51001, Iraq

Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University 15 , Hatyai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand

References (100+)

Show source-provided references
1. Areca catechu as photovoltaic sensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC)10.33263/BRIAC103.636639 ↗
2. Investigating the effect of nonideal conditions on the performance of a planar Sb2Se3-based solar cell through SCAPS-1D simulation10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c03593 ↗
3. A review on comparison between traditional silicon solar cells and thin-film CdTe solar cells
4. Solar energy: Potential and future prospects10.1016/j.rser.2017.09.094 ↗
5. 2011
6. Mg nanoparticles core-CdS QDs shell heterostructures with ZnS passivation layer for efficient quantum dot sensitized solar cell10.1016/j.electacta.2019.03.228 ↗
7. Quantum dots–characterization, preparation and usage in biological systems10.3390/ijms10020656 ↗
8. A review on electrical characterization techniques performed to study the device performance of quantum dot sensitized solar cells10.1016/j.solener.2017.11.037 ↗
9. Near-infrared, heavy metal-free colloidal ‘giant’ core/shell quantum dots10.1002/aenm.201701432 ↗
10. Colloidal quantum dots for solar technologies10.1016/j.chempr.2017.07.007 ↗
11. Quantum dots processed by SILAR for solar cell applications10.1016/j.solener.2018.02.003 ↗
12. Effect of manganese dopants on defects, nano-strain, and photovoltaic performance of Mn–CdS/CdSe nanocomposite-sensitized ZnO nanowire solar cells10.1016/j.compscitech.2019.05.002 ↗
13. Improved conversion efficiency of CdS quantum dot-sensitized TiO2 nanotube-arrays using CuInS2 as a co-sensitizer and an energy barrier layer10.1039/c1jm13616j ↗
14. Charge recombination control for high efficiency CdS/CdSe quantum dot co-sensitized solar cells with multi-ZnS-layer10.1039/c7dt04356b ↗
15. In suit growth of CuSe nanoparticles on MXene (Ti3C2) nanosheets as an efficient counter electrode for quantum dot-sensitized solar cells10.1016/j.electacta.2019.05.132 ↗
16. Wave-function engineering of CdSe/CdS core/shell quantum dots for enhanced electron transfer to a TiO2 substrate10.1021/jp102978g ↗
17. Boosting the efficiency of AgInSe2 quantum dot sensitized solar cells via core/shell/shell architecture10.1016/j.solmat.2018.03.008 ↗
18. Investigation of the effect of Sr-doped in ZnSe layers to improve photovoltaic characteristics of ZnSe/CdS/CdSe/ZnSe quantum dot sensitized solar cells10.1016/j.solener.2019.04.008 ↗
19. Introducing of MnS passivation layer on TiO2 mesoporous film for improving performance of quantum dot sensitized solar cells10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.05.277 ↗
20. Influence of surface chemistry on the binding and electronic coupling of CdSe quantum dots to single crystal TiO2 surfaces10.1021/la903618x ↗
21. Sensitization of ZnO single crystal electrodes with CdSe quantum dots sensitization of ZnO single crystal electrodes with CdSe quantum dots10.1021/la5023888 ↗
22. Photosensitization of ZnO single crystal electrodes with PbS quantum dots10.1002/pssa.201330602 ↗
23. Bifunctional capping of CdS nanoparticles and bridging to TiO210.1021/j100025a040 ↗
24. Mercaptophosphonic acids as efficient linkers in quantum dot sensitized solar cells10.1039/c5ta04021c ↗
25. Short chain ligand-passivated stable α-CsPbI3 quantum dot for all-inorganic perovskite solar cells10.1002/adfm.201900991 ↗
26. Hybrid organic–inorganic inks flatten the energy landscape in colloidal quantum dot solids10.1038/nmat4800 ↗
27. Accelerated solution-phase exchanges minimize defects in colloidal quantum dot solids10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.103876 ↗
28. Determination of limiting factors of photovoltaic efficiency in quantum dot sensitized solar cells: Correlation between cell performance and structural properties10.1063/1.3477194 ↗
29. Efficient CdSe quantum dot-sensitized solar cells prepared by a postsynthesis assembly approach10.1039/c2cc36526j ↗
30. An in-depth analysis of nucleation and growth mechanism of CdS thin film synthesized by chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique10.1038/s41598-022-19340-z ↗
31. Optimizing the deposition of CdSe colloidal quantum dots on TiO2 film electrode via capping ligand induced self-assembly approach10.1039/c5ra17412k ↗
32. Influence of the concentration of chenodeoxycholic acid on the performance of the N719 dye10.1016/j.ica.2021.120776 ↗
33. Nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbons as counter electrodes in quantum dot sensitized solar cells with a conversion efficiency exceeding 12%10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02864 ↗
34. Improved efficiency of PbS quantum dot sensitized NiO photocathodes with naphthalene diimide electron acceptor bound to the surface of the nanocrystals10.1016/j.solmat.2017.12.029 ↗
35. Colloidal nanocrystals with molecular metal chalcogenide surface ligands10.1126/science.1170524 ↗
36. Cosensitized quantum dot solar cells with conversion efficiency over 12%10.1002/adma.201705746 ↗
37. Facile secondary deposition for improving quantum dot loading in fabricating quantum dot solar cells10.1021/jacs.8b10901 ↗
38. Ligand-assisted cation-exchange engineering for high-efficiency colloidal Cs1−xFAxPbI3 quantum dot solar cells with reduced phase segregation10.1038/s41560-019-0535-7 ↗
39. CdHgTe and CdTe quantum dot solar cells displaying an energy conversion efficiency exceeding 2%10.1016/j.solmat.2010.06.013 ↗
40. Reduced charge recombination in a co-sensitized quantum dot solar cell with two different sizes of CdSe quantum dot10.1039/c0nr00591f ↗
41. Highly efficient inverted type-I CdS/CdSe core/shell structure QD-sensitized solar cells10.1021/nn300278z ↗
42. Influence of linker molecules on interfacial electron transfer and photovoltaic performance of quantum dot sensitized solar cells10.1039/C4TA04353G ↗
43. Boosting power conversion efficiencies of quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells beyond 8% by recombination control10.1021/jacs.5b01946 ↗
44. Copper deficient Zn–Cu–In–Se quantum dot sensitized solar cells for high efficiency10.1039/c7ta06904a ↗
45. A small-molecule ‘charge driver’ enables perovskite quantum dot solar cells with efficiency approaching 13%10.1002/adma.201900111 ↗
46. Highly efficient Zn–Cu–in–Se quantum dot-sensitized solar cells through surface capping with ascorbic acid10.1021/acsami.8b18033 ↗
47. Zn-Cu-In-S-Se quinary ‘green’ alloyed quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells with a certified efficiency of 14.4%10.1002/anie.202014723 ↗
48. Surface engineering boosting Al/Zn-coincorporated Cu–In–Se quantum dot-sensitized solar cell efficiency10.1021/acsaem.1c00605 ↗
49. Improving the efficiency of quantum dot sensitized solar cells beyond 15% via secondary deposition10.1021/jacs.1c01214 ↗
50. Co-sensitization of TiO2 by PbS quantum dots and dye N719 in dye-sensitized solar cells10.1016/j.tsf.2010.03.126 ↗
51. Highly efficient CdTe/CdS quantum dot sensitized solar cells fabricated by a one-step linker assisted chemical bath deposition10.1039/c1sc00144b ↗
52. One-step synthesis of CdS sensitized TiO2 photoanodes for quantum dot-sensitized solar cells by microwave assisted chemical bath deposition method10.1021/am200520q ↗
53. Optimization of CdS layer on ZnO nanorod arrays for efficient CdS/CdSe co-sensitized solar cell10.1016/j.matlet.2012.05.089 ↗
54. Improved performance of CdSe quantum dot-sensitized TiO2 thin film by surface treatment with TiCl410.1016/j.electacta.2011.12.047 ↗
55. Improving the efficiency of ITO/nc-TiO2/CdS/P3HT:PCBM/PEDOT:PSS/Ag inverted solar cells by sensitizing TiO2 nanocrystalline film with chemical bath-deposited CdS quantum dots10.1186/1556-276X-8-453 ↗
56. Ag2S quantum dots and N3 dye co-sensitized TiO2 nanotube arrays for a solar cell10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.06.035 ↗
57. Chemical bath deposition of stoichiometric CdSe quantum dots for efficient quantum-dot-sensitized solar cell application10.1021/jp411221q ↗
58. CdS sensitized TiO2 photoanodes for quantum dot-sensitized solar cells by hydrothermal assisted chemical bath deposition and post-annealing treatment10.1039/c5ra18905e ↗
59. A strategy to boost the cell performance of CdSexTe1−x quantum dot sensitized solar cells over 8% by introducing Mn modified CdSe coating layer10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.10.070 ↗
60. Effect of Mn doping on multilayer PbS quantum dots sensitized solar cell10.1109/jphotov.2018.2861748 ↗
61. Improving the photovoltaic performance of CdSe0.2S0.8 alloyed quantum dot sensitized solar cells using CdMnSe outer quantum dot10.1016/j.solener.2019.10.036 ↗
62. Investigation of silver doped CdS co-sensitized TiO2/CISe/Ag–CdS heterostructure for improved optoelectronic properties10.1016/j.optmat.2020.110645 ↗
63. Effect of solvents of quantum dots on QLED performance10.1088/1757-899x/562/1/012083 ↗
64. Quantum dot solar cell fabrication protocols10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b02939 ↗
65. Perovskite quantum dots exhibiting strong hole extraction capability for efficient inorganic thin film solar cells10.1016/j.xcrp.2019.100001 ↗
66. Capping ligand-induced self-assembly for quantum dot sensitized solar cells10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00001 ↗
67. Quantum dot-sensitized solar cells—Perspective and recent developments: A review of Cd chalcogenide quantum dots as sensitizers10.1016/j.rser.2013.01.030 ↗
68. Improving the performance of colloidal quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells10.1088/0957-4484/20/29/295204 ↗
69. CdSe quantum dot-sensitized TiO2 electrodes: Effect of quantum dot coverage and mode of attachment10.1021/jp808091d ↗
70. Speedy photoelectric exchange of CdSe quantum dots/mesoporous titania composite system10.1016/j.apsusc.2008.10.004 ↗
71. Nanocrystalline TiO2 solar cells sensitized with InAs quantum dots10.1021/jp064817b ↗
72. Photosensitization of nanoporous TiO2 electrodes with InP quantum dots10.1021/la9713863 ↗
73. Quantum dot solar cells. Tuning photoresponse through size and shape control of CdSe–TiO2 architecture10.1021/ja0782706 ↗
74. High efficiency quantum dot sensitized solar cells based on direct adsorption of quantum dots on photoanodes10.1021/acsami.7b05598 ↗
75. Enhancing loading amount and performance of quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells based on direct adsorption of quantum dots from bicomponent solvents10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03713 ↗
76. Structural investigation of nanomixed xSnO2–Al2O3 synthesized by sol–gel route10.1007/s13204-015-0515-6 ↗
77. TiO2 doped with different ratios of graphene and optimized application in CdS/CdSe quantum dot-sensitized solar cells10.1016/j.matlet.2014.03.062 ↗
78. How to exploit the full potential of the dip-coating process to better control film formation10.1039/c1jm12837j ↗
79. Cesium lead halide perovskite quantum dot deposition on GaAs substrates by dip coating
80. Dip-coated colloidal quantum-dot films for high-performance broadband photodetectors10.1039/c9tc00079h ↗
81. Enhanced efficiency of dye co-sensitized solar cells based on pulsed-laser-synthesized cadmium-selenide quantum dots10.1016/j.solener.2020.08.091 ↗
82. N719 dye as a sensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs): A review of its functions and certain rudimentary principles10.1002/ep.13955 ↗
83. Au-nanoparticle synthesis via ultrasonic spray pyrolysis with a separate evaporation zone10.17222/mit.2014.264 ↗
84. Growth of SnO2 nanowire arrays by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and their gas sensing performance10.1039/c4ra05682e ↗
85. Nanosized metallic oxide produced by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis
86. All spray pyrolysis deposited CdS sensitized ZnO films for quantum dot-sensitized solar cells10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.09.026 ↗
87. Fabrication of co-doped CdSe quantum dot-sensitized TiO2 nanotubes by ultrasound-assisted method and their photoelectrochemical properties10.1007/s10800-017-1138-2 ↗
88. High-efficiency layered sulfur-doped reduced graphene oxide and carbon nanotube composite counter electrode for quantum dot sensitized solar cells10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.05.020 ↗
89. Room temperature ultraviolet light emitting ZnO layer prepared by low-temperature electrodeposition10.1088/0022-3727/39/8/004 ↗
90. Mechanism and principle of doping: Realizing of silver incorporation in CdS thin film via doping concentration effect10.1039/d2ra04790j ↗
91. Mechanism of chemical bath deposition of CdS thin films: Influence of sulphur precursor concentration on microstructural and optoelectronic characterizations10.3390/coatings12101400 ↗
92. CdS quantum-dot-sensitized Zn2SnO4 solar cell10.1016/j.electacta.2011.02.071 ↗
93. Highly efficient ZnO porous nanostructure for CdS/CdSe quantum dot sensitized solar cell10.1016/j.tsf.2013.10.009 ↗
94. Influence of deposition strategies on CdSe quantum dot-sensitized solar cells: A comparison between successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction and chemical bath deposition10.1039/c5ta01461a ↗
95. Sonication-assisted synthesis of CdS quantum-dot-sensitized TiO2 nanotube arrays with enhanced photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic activity10.1021/am100605a ↗
96. High performance and reduced charge recombination of CdSe/CdS quantum dot-sensitized solar cells10.1039/c2jm16738g ↗
97. New systematic study approach of green synthesis CdS thin film via Salvia dye10.1038/s41598-022-16733-y ↗
98. Recommended reading list of early publications on atomic layer deposition—Outcome of the ‘virtual project on the history of ALD10.1116/1.4971389 ↗
99. Crystallinity of inorganic films grown by atomic layer deposition: Overview and general trends10.1063/1.4757907 ↗
100. Effects of QD surface coverage in solid-state PbS quantum dot-sensitized solar cells