Enhanced acoustic insulation of compact three-dimensional hexa-protruded perforated plates with staggered layers at a fixed volume

The increasing demand for integrated solutions that balance sound insulation with ventilation in modern green building designs has driven the development of innovative approaches. This study proposes compact three-dimensional hexa-protruded perforated plates with staggered layers. Compared to a traditional solid wall, the hexa-protruded perforated plates with staggered layers achieve a material cost reduction of ∼30.1% for an equivalent level of sound insulation performance improvement. In terms of sound propagation and attenuation, the improved insulation performance is driven by the synergistic interplay of reflection and absorption. In addition, viscous and thermal dissipation effects further synergistically enhance the attenuation within the structure. The validity of simulated transmission loss is corroborated by the experimental data. The hexa-protruded perforated plates with staggered layers can be a potential candidate for compact sound insulation materials that support ventilation.