Modeling and robustness analysis of coupled supply chain networks considering overlapping nodes

As global supply chain systems become increasingly interconnected and complex, coupling relationships emerge between different supply chains due to the presence of common enterprises and the sharing of resources and information. Single-network models are no longer sufficient to capture the complex dynamics arising from interactions across different supply chains. Based on complex network theory, this paper constructs a coupled supply chain network model that employs overlapping nodes as the coupling mechanism. The model simulates the coupling relationship between two supply chain networks that share common enterprises. We apply a load disturbance to the terminal nodes of one network layer and implement an underload cascading failure mechanism. Then, we investigate the propagation of the load and robustness evolution under varying parameter conditions. The results indicate that the robustness of the network is jointly affected by the lower limit coefficient of capacity, the proportion of initially failed nodes, and the proportion of overlapping nodes. Furthermore, comparative experiments reveal that the non-source-disturbed layer exhibits a pronounced feedback amplification effect on the source-disturbed layer. This study provides a theoretical reference for modeling and risk prevention of complex supply chain systems.