Energy release characteristics of confined explosives at varying violence levels

This study quantified the violence of confined explosives following non-shock ignition by analyzing energy release characteristics at different violence levels. A multi-parameter synchronous testing system was established to characterize the energy release behavior of confined explosives under varying mechanical confinement strengths. Measurements of internal pressure evolution, shell velocity, air blast overpressure waveforms, and critical fragment dimensions provided key insights into the behavior of trinitrotoluene and JH-2. Calculations of total energy release and energy release power enabled the quantification of explosive violence. The results indicated that higher shell damage levels corresponded to increased violence levels, energy release power, and total energy release. At low violence levels, air blast overpressure energy dominated the energy output. At high violence levels, enhanced gas expansion work increased the proportion of kinetic energy in the total energy release.