journal article·2024-10-01Open access

On removing the classical-quantum boundary

Khaled Mnaymneh

AIP Advances· Volume 14· Issue 10

Abstract

We argue that it is adherence to the axiom of counterfactual definiteness and not to that of locality and realism that results in Bell inequality violations. Furthermore, this axiom is not supported in classical mechanics because of deeper implications that arise from the principle of stationary action. This means that the Bell inequality fails classically, effectively removing the classical-quantum boundary–a conclusion prophesized by Bell himself. An implication here is that a local hidden variable theory, in the configuration space of classical mechanics, may not be ruled out. Basing our idea on Jacobi’s “initial variable” framework, we propose that a classical path of stationary action that recedes into the infinite past and stretches into an infinite future implies a reality that lacks counterfactual definiteness. We then corroborate this with recent experimental results, through which it could be understood that our world could be such a reality.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Quantum Mechanics and Applications · Quantum Information and Cryptography · Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Quantum and Nanotechnologies Research Center, National Research Council Canada , 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, and Department of Electronics, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada

References (51)

Show source-provided references
1. 1949
2. 1968
3. 1989
4. 2000
5. 1996
6. Metaphysics of the principle of least action10.1016/j.shpsb.2017.09.004 ↗
7. Can quantum-mechanical description of physical reality be considered complete?10.1103/physrev.47.777 ↗
8. On the Einstein Podolsky Rosen paradox10.1103/physicsphysiquefizika.1.195 ↗
9. Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen experiments
10. Proposed experiment to test local hidden-variable theories10.1103/physrevlett.23.880 ↗
11. Experimental consequences of objective local theories10.1103/physrevd.10.526 ↗
12. Experimental test of Bell’s inequalities using time-varying analyzers10.1103/PhysRevLett.49.1804 ↗
13. Loophole-free Bell inequality violation with superconducting circuits10.1038/s41586-023-05885-0 ↗
14. Discussion of probability relations between separated systems10.1017/s0305004100013554 ↗
15. Entanglement-assisted communication surpassing the ultimate classical capacity10.1103/physrevlett.126.250501 ↗
16. Entanglement classification from a topological perspective10.1103/physrevd.107.126005 ↗
17. Classical entanglement?10.1126/science.aad7174 ↗
18. Shifting the quantum-classical boundary: Theory and experiment for statistically classical optical fields10.1364/optica.2.000611 ↗
19. 1997
20. The EPR paradox, Bell’s inequality, and the question of locality10.1119/1.3243279 ↗
21. What Bell proved: A reply to blaylock10.1119/1.3243280 ↗
22. 1998
23. An experimental test of non-local realism10.1038/nature05677 ↗
24. Nonlocal hidden-variable theories and quantum mechanics: An incompatibility theorem10.1023/a:1026096313729 ↗
25. Introduction to the hidden-variable question, B. d’Espagnet (49th international school of physics ‘Enrico Fermi’
26. Universal regularities and initial conditions in Newtonian physics10.1023/a:1005170007328 ↗
27. On the determination of Hamilton’s principal function
28. 2009
29. Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem10.1002/andp.19263840404 ↗
30. On the principles of elementary quantum mechanics10.1016/s0031-8914(46)80059-4 ↗
31. The beginning of the world from the point of view of quantum theory10.1038/127706b0 ↗
32. Toward fixing a framework for conformal cyclic cosmology10.1007/s10714-023-03142-3 ↗
33. Cosmology from quantum potential10.1016/j.physletb.2014.12.057 ↗
34. 1975 · 63
35. Unperformed experiments have no results10.1119/1.11393 ↗
36. Local unitary transformation, long-range quantum entanglement, wave function renormalization, and topological order10.1103/physrevb.82.155138 ↗
37. Experimental quantum teleportation10.1038/37539 ↗
38. Can quantum-mechanical description of physical reality be considered complete?10.1103/physrev.48.696 ↗
39. The problem of hidden variables in quantum mechanics10.1512/iumj.1968.17.17004 ↗
40. Single-photon quantum contextuality on a chip10.1021/acsphotonics.7b00793 ↗
41. Quantum generalizations of Bell’s inequality10.1007/bf00417500 ↗
42. 1932
43. On the problem of hidden variables in quantum mechanics10.1103/revmodphys.38.447 ↗
44. Hidden variables and the two theorems of John Bell10.1103/revmodphys.65.803 ↗
45. Discussion of experimental proof for the paradox of Einstein, Rosen, and Podolsky10.1103/physrev.108.1070 ↗
46. de Broglie–Bohm, delayed-choice double-slit experiment, and density matrix10.1142/9789812386540_0013 ↗
47. Direct measurement of the quantum wavefunction10.1038/nature10120 ↗
48. The present status of quantum mechanics
49. Quantum hocus-pocus10.3354/esep00171 ↗
50. Quantum nonlocality as an axiom10.1007/bf02058098 ↗
51. Quantum nonlocality and beyond: Limits from nonlocal computation10.1103/physrevlett.99.180502 ↗