A direction sensitive detonation model for granular to continuum scale for shock initiation of pentaerythritol tetranitrate single crystal in multi-dimensions

Experiments have shown that the shock sensitivity of a single crystal pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) has a strong dependence on the crystal orientation. The ignition and growth (I & G) model has been widely used in studies of the shock initiation of energetic materials while the model is independent of the direction of compression, and thus it is impossible to address anisotropic sensitivity of such material. In this paper, we base our new model in the recently proposed reactive flow concept that incorporates an anisotropic ignition mechanism that depends on both strain and strain rate which are given in the general tensor notation. A multi-dimensional simulation is performed in order to illustrate the strain dependence of the initiation of a PETN pellet. The model is applicable to any anisotropic energetic material subjected to a shock impact, not limited to single crystal PETN.