Optimization design of electrode grid lines for busbar-less solar cells

The electrode grid lines are a critical component of solar cells, where power loss caused by grid shading and associated resistance significantly impacts cell performance. We establish a power loss model for busbar-less solar cells to optimize the parameters and layout of grid lines, and analyze the influence of grid number, width, and mesh density on the power loss. A comparative evaluation of conversion efficiency was conducted between two types of busbar-less solar cells, namely, pin-up module (PUM) and side-point module (SPM), and conventional H-pattern solar cells. The simulation results demonstrate that busbar-less solar cells exhibit superior performance compared to H-pattern cells: the PUM design achieves absolute efficiency improvements of 1.66% and 1.65% for its two layout conditions, and the SPM design shows a 1.64% enhancement. Furthermore, for a larger mesh unit, the PUM design exhibits a distinct advantage over the SPM in achieving higher efficiency.