Numerical simulation study of rotating liquid film atomization characteristics under complex airflow

Taking the liquid-centered gas–liquid coaxial centrifugal nozzle as the research subject, this study employs Gerris software to implement a combination of methods including interface tracking, grid adaptation, turbulence direct numerical simulation, and the simulation of both internal and external flow fields. The study examines the atomization mechanisms and characteristics under the influence of direct airflow and co-rotating airflow, as well as counter-rotating airflow. It is observed that direct airflow reduces the radial extent of the spray field and extends the axial length, whereas counter-rotating airflow has the opposite effect. The study also summarizes the atomization parameters, such as penetration distance, spray cone angle, and Sauter mean diameter, concluding that counter-rotating airflow achieves the optimal atomization effect.