Electronic properties and optical absorption of multi-layer phosphorene quantum rings

This paper presents the study of the electronic and optical properties of multi-layer phosphorene quantum rings (PQRs) by using the tight-binding model. The effects of the hole size and position, along with the number of layers in the PQR on the energy levels and the optical spectrum, are numerically analyzed. The calculations show that the electronic and optical properties can be tuned by the hole size, the hole position, and the number of layers. The coupling of the inner and outer edges depends strongly on the position of the hole. The findings suggest that the layer-dependent optical properties of phosphorene quantum dots and PQRs are related to the parity of the number of layers.