Nonlinear dynamics in a strongly coupled cryogenic complex plasma in the presence of polarization force and effective dust temperature

The nonlinear propagation of dust-acoustic (DA) waves is investigated in a strongly coupled cryogenic complex plasma system (consisting of strongly correlated negatively charged dust grains, weakly correlated Maxwellian distributed electrons, and weakly correlated nonextensive distributed ions) in the presence of polarization force and effective dust temperature. The standard reductive perturbation technique is implemented to reduce the governing equations of the cryogenic dusty plasma being studied, to obtain the nonlinear Korteweg–de Vries (K–dV) and Burgers equations. The numerical solution of the latter is employed to analyze the dynamical properties (such as speed, amplitude, width, etc.) of DA solitary and shock waves. We examine the influence of different factors (e.g., the nonextensive parameter q, the polarization force χp, the effective dust temperature σeff, the electron-to-ion temperature ratio σ1, and the electron-to-dust number density ratio μ1) on the dynamics of DA solitary and shock structures within the context of a strongly coupled cryogenic complex plasma system. We observe that these factors significantly alter the characteristics of DA solitary and shock waves. The present findings have the potential to enhance our understanding of the nonlinear characteristics of DA solitary and shock waves under both space and laboratory plasma conditions.