Experimental study on pressure distribution of spur dike under the combined action of landslide surge and water flow

Combined with the physical model test of the force of landslide surge on the spur dike under the condition of water flow dynamics, this paper measures and analyzes the pressure distribution of the spur dike body, the wave pressure distribution along with the water depth, and the circumferential pressure distribution along with the near-surface layer, the middle layer, and a near-bottom layer of the upstream and downstream spur dikes of the river channel opposite the landslide entry point under the action of pure water flow and wave–current coupling, respectively. For the upstream spur dike, the maximum pressure is concentrated on the right side of the river slope of the spur dike body and the part of the backwater slope close to the spur dike head, that is, the position of the upstream slope; for the downstream spur dike, the pressure on the upstream slope and upstream slope of the spur dike head is the largest. Under the same test parameters, the pressure increase of the downstream spur dike is more significant than that of the upstream spur dike, and the downstream spur dike is easier to be damaged than the upstream spur dike.