All-solid-state CW Pr3+:YLF green laser at 522 nm end-pumped by a high-power fiber-coupled 444 nm blue LD module

Continuous wave (CW) green lasers have a lot of important applications in many fields, including holography, interferometry, atom cooling and trapping, and quantum optics, and they are usually achieved by frequency-doubling 1 µm lasers based on the Nd3+ gain media. In this paper, we present an all-solid-state CW green laser with an output wavelength of 522 nm, which was directly attained by employing a Pr3+:YLF crystal pumped with a high-power fiber-coupled blue laser diode (LD) module as the gain medium. Due to the negative thermal lens effect of the Pr3+:YLF crystal, the designed laser resonator had to be lengthened with the increase in the incident pump power. As a result, when a 0.5% doped Pr3+:YLF crystal was employed as the gain medium and the incident pump power was 12 W, the length of the resonator was optimized to 311.3 mm and the maximum output power of 522 nm green laser was up to 886 mW. The obtained conversion efficiency and beam quality M2 were 11.25% and 1.15, respectively. The long-term power stability within 4.5 h was better than ±1.5% at an output power of 700 mW. The obtained watt-level green laser can also be used to generate high power CW deep UV laser for laser processing of silicon and organic materials, inspection, etc.