Propagation of nonlinear waves in multi-component pair plasmas and electron–positron–ion plasmas

The propagation of small amplitude stationary profile nonlinear solitary waves in a pair plasma is investigated by employing the reductive perturbation technique via the well-known Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) and modified KdV (mKdV) equations. This study tends to derive the exact form of nonlinear solutions and study their characteristics. Two distinct pair-ion species of opposite polarity and the same mass are considered in addition to a massive charged background species that is assumed to be stationary, and given the frequency scale of interest within the pair-ion context, the third species is thought of as a background defect (e.g., charged dust) component. On the opposite hand, the model conjointly applies formally to electron–positron–ion plasmas if one neglects electron–positron annihilation. A parametric analysis is carried out, with regard to the impact of the dusty plasma composition (background number density), species temperature(s), and background species. It is seen that distinguishable solitary profiles are observed for KdV and mKdV equations. The results are connected in pair-ion (fullerene) experiments and potentially in astrophysical environments of Halley’s comet and pulsar magnetosphere as well.